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"Adanya peraturan baru mengenai pelaksanaan kewajiban peningkatan nilai tambah menimbulkan suatu fenomena pro dan kontra, selain itu terdapat resistensi dari kalangan pengusaha mengenai besaran tarif Bea Keluar untuk ekspor produk mineral hasil pengolahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi kebijakan tarif Bea Keluar untuk ekspor produk mineral hasil pengolahan dan pelaksanaan peraturan mengenai peningkatan nilai tambah ekspor mineral hasil pengolahan dan pemurnian. Konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep formulasi kebijakan publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi kebijakan tarif Bea Keluar untuk ekspor produk mineral hasil pengolahan dibutuhkan untuk melindungi kepentingan nasional. Peraturan yang mengatur ekspor mineral hasil pengolahan dan pemurnian sudah berlaku, namun belum ada kegiatan ekspor yang terjadi yang disebabkan oleh persyaratan ekspor mineral yang belum dipenuhi oleh pengusaha pertambangan mineral.

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A new increasing value-added minerals implementing regulations gives rise around phenomenon of the pro and contra and resistence from the mining corporations regarding the export duties tariff on processed mineral products. The purpose of this study is to determine the export duty tariff for processed mineral products policy formulation and implementation of its regulations. Concept used in this study is the concept of public policy formulation. This study applies qualitative with descriptive approach which use in-depth interviews. Result indicates that export duties on processed minerals is necessary in terms of protecting national interests. Regulation on processed minerals has been applied though no export activities happening recently due to lack of requirements and act of resistance from mining corporations."

"The epithermal Arinem veins system of gold-silver-base metal mineralization is located in the Arinem area in the southwestern part of Java Island, Indonesia. The veins are composed predominantly of quartz+calcite±illite±kaolinite with variable amount of manganese oxide and limonite and high amount of sulfides. The deposit contains a number of Tebearing minerals, notably tellurides and tellurosulfide minerals. The tellurium mineral assemblages in the Arinem and Bantarhuni veins are similar in the presence of hessite (Ag Te), petzite (Ag AuTe ), stutzite (Ag Te ), tetradymite (Bi Te S) 2 3 2 5 3 2 2 dan altaite (PbTe). The tellurium mineral assemblages vary from sample to sample and most of the observed telluride occurrences consist of at least 2 different phases (e.g. petzite-hessite, tetradymite-hessite, petzite-hessite-altaite). Gold concentrations measured in Te-mineral of petzite from the Arinem vein are in the range between 14.24 to 18.32 wt%. Some hessite and stutzite contain gold up to 3.48 and 1.10 wt%, respectively. Some of electrums are present as inclusions in Te-mineral patches in both veins."

"This book is a collection of papers that are devoted to various aspects of interactions between mineralogy and material sciences. It will include reviews, perspective papers and original research papers on mineral nanostructures, biomineralization, micro- and nanoporous mineral phases as functional materials, physical and optical properties of minerals, etc. "

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mensintesis dan meneliti kemampuan katalitik katalis berbasis material hibrid silika-organosilika terfungsionalisasi sulfonat dengan mereaksikan secara sol-gel, prekursor silika dengan prekursor Periodic Mesoporous Organosillica dan diaplikasikan sebagai katalis reaksi esterifikasi asam lemak bebas dengan gliserol. Material ini berhasil disintesis didukung dengan karakterisasi menggunakan Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-Edx), X–ray diffraction (XRD), dan Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). Untuk meneliti kemampuan katalitik katalis ini, maka dibandingkan dengan kelima jenis katalis lain yaitu SBA-15, SBA-15-PrSO3H dengan tiga macam variasi, dan Ph-PMO-PrSO3H. Dalam membandingkan kemampuan katalitik keenam jenis katalis ini dilakukan reaksi esterifikasi dengan kondisi yang telah ditetapkan, yaitu pada suhu 200oC, waktu reaksi selama 120 menit dengan persen berat katalis sebesar 1%. Didapatkan nilai persen konversi asam terbaik dengan menggunakan material hibrid, dimana didapatkan persen konversi sebesar 34,37%. Kemudian, dengan menggunakan katalis hibrid diselidiki keadaan optimum reaksi (perbandingan molar reaktan, selang waktu dan persen jumlah katalis). Didapatkan kondisi optimum reaksi pada variabel rasio molar reaktan (gliserol: asam oleat) terbaik pada rasio (4:1) dengan yield 34,37%, variasi selang waktu 300 menit menghasilkan yield optimum sebesar 39,23% dan jumlah katalis sebesar 5% berat reaktan yang menghasilkan yield 86,53%.

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The purpose of this study was to synthesize and investigate the catalytic ability of a sulfonate functionalized silica-organosilica hybrid based catalyst by reacting sol-gel, silica precursors with Periodic Mesoporous Organosillica precursors and applied as a catalyst for the esterification of free fatty acids with glycerol. This material was successfully synthesized supported by characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-Edx), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). . To examine the catalytic ability of this catalyst, it was compared with five types of catalysts, namely SBA-15, SBA-15-PrSO3H with three variations, and Ph-PMO-PrSO3H. In comparing the catalytic ability, this type of catalyst was subjected to an esterification reaction with predetermined conditions, namely at a temperature of 200oC, a reaction time of 120 minutes with a catalyst percentage of 1%. The best acid conversion percentage value was obtained using a hybrid material, where the conversion percentage was 34.37%. Then, using a hybrid catalyst provides the optimal reaction state (molar reaction ratio, time lapse and percentage of catalyst). The optimum reaction conditions were obtained at the best reactant (glycerol: oleic acid) molar ratio variable at a ratio (4:1) with a yield of 34.37%, a variation of the time interval of 300 minutes produced an optimum yield of 39.23% and the amount of catalyst was 5% by weight. reactants which yield 86.53% yield."