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"This reference handbook is the first to provide a comprehensive overview, systematically characterizing all known transporters involved in drug elimination and resistance. Combining recent knowledge on all known classes of drug carriers, from microbes to man, it begins with a look at human and mammalian transporters. This is followed by microbial, fungal and parasitic transporters with special attention given to transport across those physiological barriers relevant for drug uptake, distribution and excretion. As a result, this key resource lays the foundations for understanding and investigating the molecular mechanisms for multidrug resistance in cancer cells, microbial resistance to antibiotics and pharmacokinetics in general."

"Discover the link between the latest chemical biology approaches and novel drug therapies! Protein Targeting with Small Molecules: Chemical Biology Techniques and Applications takes readers beyond the use of chemical biology in basic research, providing a highly relevant look at techniques that can address the challenges of biology and drug design and development. This indispensable bench companion features up-to-date coverage of advances in chemistry and assesses their impact on developing new therapeutics, making it ideal for chemical biologists and medicinal chemists who are developing small molecule drugs to target proteins and treat diseases. In addition, the book examines the full range of complex biological systems and their interrelationship with chemistry, from the interaction of biological response modifiers with proteins to the chemical biology of cell surface oligosaccharides. Distinguished by an overview of chemical biology that is reinforced and clarified by detailed examples and descriptions of techniques, Protein Targeting with Small Molecules: Chemical Biology Techniques and Applications:* Introduces key technologies and methods of chemical biology designed to detect the interactions of small molecules and proteins* Facilitates the discovery of small molecules that bind to proteins and describes the molecules' application in the investigation of biological processes* Presents timely coverage of the development of fluorescent probes for small molecules, as well as the generation of small molecule ligands and inhibitors* Reviews important techniques such as chemical genomics, target profiling, immobilization technology, detection methods, chemical inhibition, and structure-based targeting* Offers a compelling synopsis of data that underscores the recent progress made in the area of targeting proteins by small molecules"

"This volume brings together experts in the biochemistry, cellular biology, immunology and molecular biology of molecular chaperones and protein-folding catalysts with a focus on the mechanisms of cellular trafficking of these proteins and the role of these variegated trafficking mechanisms in both human and animal health and disease."

"This is a comprehensive guide to drug transporters that influence the absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs in the body. The development of powerful expression cloning and genome analysis techniques has facilitated the molecular identification and characterization of numerous transporters that play a crucial role in drug disposition. Explaining the principles of drug transport and the associated techniques, "Drug transporters : molecular characterization and role in drug disposition": provides a comprehensive overview of drug transporters; and, includes specific descriptions of transporter families, including substrate and inhibitor specificity, subcellular and tissue localization, mechanisms governing transport, species differences, the clinical implications of these transporters in human physiology and disease, and their role in drug distribution, elimination, and interactions in drug therapy.It describes transporter-mediated drug disposition, a newly emerging field in drug therapy. It gives a comprehensive summary of drug transport across biological membranes in the liver, brain, kidney, and intestine."

"Written by an international team from academia and the pharmaceutical industry, this book covers all aspects of the oral bioavailability of medicines. The focus is placed on methods for determining the parameters relevant to bioavailability. These range from modern physicochemical techniques via biological studies in vitro and in vivo right up to computer-aided predictions. The authors specifically address possibilities for optimizing bioavailability during the early screening stage for the active substance. Its clear structure and comprehensive coverage make this book equally suitable for researchers and lecturers in industry and teaching."

"Protein adalah salah satu unsur dalam makanan yang terdiri dari asamasam amino yang mengandung unsur karbon, hidrogen, oksigen, nitrogen, dan belerang. Identifikasi protein selama ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode spektroskopi konvensional misalnya spektroskopi UV-Vis dan metode Kjeldhal. Kedua metode ini membutuhkan persiapan sampel yang lama dan rumit, serta biaya yang mahal. Hal ini karena harus dilakukan pemisahan protein dari makromolekul yang lain yang tidak diinginkan dalam analisa. Spektroskopi FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) merupakan salah satu metode baku untuk mendeteksi struktur molekul senyawa melalui identifikasi gugus fungsi penyusun senyawa. Identifikasi protein dilakukan dengan menganalisa serapan gugus fungsi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi protein dengan FTIR, dan mengenali puncak dari protein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari ke-empat sampel (keju hewani, keju nabati, susu dan mentega) protein dapat dikenali dengan tiga peak yaitu amida III (1240-1265 cm-1) , amida IV (633-721 cm-1), dan amida VI (551-586 cm-1). Peak untuk amida III mewakili gugus CN stretching dan NH bending, amida IV mewakili gugus OCN bending dan amida VI mewakili gugus out-of plane NH bending. kadar protein relatif per karbonil untuk susu, keju hewani, keju nabati, dan mentega adalah 0,67, 1,37, 2,17, dan 1,70 dengan kadar protein 9,47 %, 19,08 %, 30,67 %, dan 24,03 %.

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Protein is one of the elements in food which consists of amino acids that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Identification of the protein had been done using conventional spectroscopic methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy and Kjeldhal methods. Preparation of the sample for both methods were long enough, complicated, and expensive. This was because had to do separation of proteins from other macromolecules that are not desirable in the analysis. FTIR Spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infra Red) is one of the standard methods for detecting the molecular structure of compound through the identification of functional groups that make up the compound. Identification is done by analyzing the absorption of the functional protein by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The aims of the research are to identify protein by FTIR, and describe their peaks.

The results of the research show that of four samples (cheese, vegetable cheese, milk, and butter), proteins can be identified by three peaks, that are amide III (1240-1265 cm-1), amide IV (633-721 cm-1), and amide VI (551-586 cm-1). Peak of the amide III represents the CN stretching and NH bending, amide group IV represents the OCN bending, and amide VI represents out-of plane NH bending. Protein relative levels per carbonyl for milk, cheese, vegetable cheese, and butter are 0.67, 1.37, 2.17, and 1.70 with a protein content of 9.47%, 19.08%, 30.67% , and 24.03%."

"The objective of this research was to examine the optimum condition of enzymatic hydrolysis of shark protein by visceratic enzyme and trypsin ...."