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"ABSTRACTJarak pagar (Jatropha curcasL.), salah satu tanaman sumber bahan bakar nabati tropis, telah terkenal karena ketahanannya terhadapcekaman kekeringan, akan tetapi, kemampuannya untuk tumbuh pada lingkungan yang kering masih jarang diteliti.Perubahan status air daun, kadar klorofil, suhu permukaan daun, konduktansi stomata, kadar prolin danabcisic acid (ABA), laju transpirasi dan fotosintesis dikaji pada empat genotip jarak pakar (IP-1A, IP-2M, Unggul lokal dan Daunkuning) yang diperlakukan cekaman kekeringan pada lahan pasir pantai di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Cekaman kekeringan menurunkan secara signifikan status air daun, kadar klorofil daun, konduktansi stomata, laju transpirasi dan fotosintesis, dan meningkatkan suhu daun, kadar prolin dan ABA. Genotip tahan (IP-1A dan IP-2M) memiliki status air daun, kadar klorofil dan laju fotosintesis lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan genotip yang peka (Unggullokal dan Daun kuning). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata di ntara genotip jarak pagar terhadap suhu daun, konduktansi stomata dan laju transpirasi.

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AbstractJatropha curcas L., an important tropical biofuel crop, is reputed for its drought resistance, however, its ability to perform in dry conditions has still hardly been investigated. Changes in leaf water status, chlorophyll content, leaf surface temperature, stomatal conductance, proline and abcisic acid (ABA) content, transpiration and photosyntheticrate were studied in fourJatropha genotypes (IP-1A, IP-2M, Local superior and Yellow leaf) and subjected to drought stress in coastal sandy land conditions in Central Java, Indonesia. Drought stress significantly decreased the leaf water status, leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rate, and increased leaftemperature, proline and ABA content. Resistant genotypes (IP-1A and IP-2M) had significantly higher leaf water status, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate than susceptible genotypes (Local superior and Yellow leaf). There were no differences between theJatropha genotypes on leaf temperature, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate."

"This rigorous yet accessible text introduces the key physical and biochemical processes involved in plant interactions with the aerial environment. It is designed to make the more numerical aspects of the subject accessible to plant and environmental science students, and will also provide a valuable reference source to practitioners and researchers in the field. The third edition of this widely recognised text has been completely revised and updated to take account of key developments in the field. Approximately half of the references are new to this edition and relevant online resources are also incorporated for the first time. The recent proliferation of molecular and genetic research on plants is related to whole plant responses, showing how these new approaches can advance our understanding of the biophysical interactions between plants and the atmosphere. Remote sensing technologies and their applications in the study of plant function are also covered in greater detail"-- Provided by publisher."

"This book shows how plants assess their surroundings, estimate their energy needs for specific goals, and communicate with each other to coordinate behavioral patterns. Coverage includes the role of viruses in these highly dynamic interactional networks."

"The book describes the general stress responses in microorganisms, plants, and animals to abiotic and biotic, to natural and anthropogenic stressors. These stress responses include the activation of oxygen, the biotransformation system, the stress proteins, and the metal-binding proteins. The potential of stress response lies in the transcription of genes, whereas the actual response is manifested by proteins and metabolites. Yet, not all stress responses are in the genes : micro-RNAs and epigenetics play central roles. Multiple stressors, such as environmental realism, do not always act additively, they may even diminish one another. Furthermore, one stressor often prepares the subject for the next one to come and may produce extended lifespans and increased offspring numbers, thus causing shifts in population structures. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the ecological and evolutionary effects of stress."

"ABSTRAKWaste to Energy Plant (WtE) merupakan cara yang efektif untuk meminimalisir jumlah sampah sampai dengan 80% dalam hitungan massa dan volume. Namun, WtE memproduksi by-products yaitu Bottom ash yang mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan. Beberapa cara dilakukan untuk mengatasi pencemaran lingkungan oleh Bottom ash tersebut yang salah satunya adalah metode recycling. Bottom Ash mengandung banyak komposisi kimia termasuk garam, oksida, sulfida, dan elemen-elemen berharga seperti Cu,Ni,Zn,Pb. Research ini dilakukan untuk mendaur ulang Bottom Ash dengan metode yang ramah lingkungan dan terfokus kepada partikel halus yang bersifat non-magnetik. Beberapa metode separasi dilakukan yaitu Pengeringan, Penggerusan, pengayakan, separasi magnetik, dan separasi densitas. Beberapa metode karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan XRF, EDAX , dan Mikroskop Optik. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah element non magnetik yang berharga Cu, Ti, Zn berhasil terkumpulkan hingga mencapai 30,000ppm Cu, 11,000ppm Ti, dan 15,000ppm Zn setelah proses eksperimen GoldPan. Dari hasil research ini juga didapatkan bahwa Bottom Ash berpotensi untuk menjadi bahan campuran dari semen. Major elemen pada campuran semen pada bottom ash seperti Al, dan Si memenuhi standar kriteria campuran semen sementara Ca masih dibawah kriteria. Selain itu, pada bottom ash terkandung S dan Cl yang tinggi, namun pada eksperimen ini kadar S dan Cl berhasil direduksi sampai dengan 0,4-0,5%.

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ABSTRACTWaste to Energy Plant (WtE) is an effective way to minimize the amount of waste up to 80% in mass and volume. However the bottom ash produced by WtE as by-products causes an enviromental problem as it is usually landfilled. Several ways to overcome this problem has been implemented by many research using a recycling method of the bottom ash. Bottom ash contain several valuable elements such as Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and many compounds such as silicates, sulfides, salts, and oxides. This research offers an enviromentaly-friendly and inexpensive process to recover bottom ash without producing another waste from the overall process and focuses in non magnetic fine particles of bottom ash. Some separation methods used in this research from drying, milling, sieving, magnetic separation, and density separation process have been conducted. Several materials characterization methods are implemented to investigate chemical composition by using XRF and EDAX method and to study the image representation of recovered bottom ash by using Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that several valuable non magnetic elements such as Cu, Ti, and Zn are successfully collected more than 30,000 ppm Cu; 11,000 ppm Ti; and 15,000 ppm Zn after gold pan experiment and there is also a possibility to recover bottom ash into an additional compounds of cement raw material products if the metallic fraction contained in it can be separated and the composition of the additional compounds of cement raw material can be adjusted to fulfill the standard requirement of cement industry. In contrast, Si, Al, and Fe contents are already met the requirement of common cement raw material while Ca content is slightly under the requirement, S and Cl content has also been decreased up to 0,4 ? 0,5 % which is important for raw or mixture cement material requirement."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian pada Macaca nigra di penangkaran. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi adaptasi yaki yang hidup di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta melalui pengamatan perilaku makan. Penelitian pada empat individu yaki (1 jantan dan 3 betina) dilakukan selama bulan April 2013--Mei 2013 menggunakan metode scan animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Jumlah jam pengamatan setiap hari adalah 4 jam sehingga total pengamatan selama 20 hari adalah 80 jam. Jumlah titik sampel per harinya berjumlah 48 sampel sehingga total titik sampel selama 20 hari adalah 960 titik sampel. Tabulasi data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Rerata aktivitas makan harian masing-masing individu menunjukkan bahwa Jenny (betina dewasa usia 8 tahun) merupakan individu dengan rerata aktivitas makan tertinggi (60.32 ± 0.08%), diikuti dengan Nonik (betina dewasa usia 14 tahun) (58.06 ± 0.11%), Rani (betina muda usia 2 tahun) (55.05 ± 0.08%), dan Ramos (jantan dewasa usia 13 tahun) (45.27 ± 0.07%). Perbedaan frekuensi aktivitas makan antara kelompok yaki di penangkaran dengan kelompok yaki di alam menunjukkan adanya strategi adaptasi tersendiri pada kelompok yaki tersebut terhadap habitatnya.

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It has been done research on Macaca nigra in captivity. A study on adaptation strategies of yaki whose living in Schmutzer Primate Center, Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta through observation of feeding behavior. Research on four individuals yaki (1 male and 3 females) have been done during April 2013--May 2013 using the scan animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods. The number of hours of observation each day is 4 hours so the total observation period of 20 days is 80 hours. Tabulation of the data presented in tables and graphs and analyzed descriptively. The mean of daily feeding activity of each individual showed that Jenny (8 years old adult female) is an individual with the highest mean feeding activity (60.32 ± 0.08%) followed by Nonik (14 years old adult female) (58.06 ± 0.11%), Rani (2 years old young female) (55.05 ± 0.08%), and Ramos (13 years old adult male) (45.27 ± 0.07%). The difference of feeding behaviour frequencies between yaki group in captivity and nature shows distinct adaptation strategy toward their habitat."