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"Tongue squamous cell carcinoma, a relatively requent malignancy in the oral cavity has a great tendency to metastasize to regional lymph nodes that worsens the prognosis of the disease. The anti metastasis gene NM23, encodes a 17 KD cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins has shown controversy behaviour as metastatic suppressor in human cancer. An observational study using immunohistochemical staming method with LSAB (-) technique was conducted on 41 paraffin block specimens to show the relationship between significance of the expression of NM23 protein as a marker for cancer metastasis and the staging, cancer grading and the positive regional head and neck lymph nodes. Statistical significance of difference was evaluated using Chi square test (p<0.01). The result showed that there was an inverse relationship between expression of NM23 protein and the cancer grading as well as frequency of the positive regional head and neck lymph nodes supporting the role of NM23 as metastasis suppresor factor that may be useful for predicting tongue squamous cell carcinoma metastasis."

"Alopecia areata (AA) merupakan jenis kerontokan rambut pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh serangan sel-sel imun tubuh terhadap folikel rambut di fase anagen. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2476601 adalah salah satu varian gen yang terletak di gen protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) dan diketahui berasosiasi dengan kemunculan AA berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di berbagai negara. Perubahan basa sitosin menjadi timin pada posisi ke-1858 diprediksi menyebabkan penurunan kemampuan protein lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) untuk menghambat aktivasi sel T. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan asosiasi SNP rs2476601 dengan kemunculan fenotipe AA pada populasi Indonesia. Pengambilan sampel buccal swab dilakukan terhadap 50 pasien penderita AA dan 50 individu normal sebagai subjek kontrol. Penentuan genotipe subjek dilakukan dengan teknik PCR-RFLP menggunakan enzim restriksi RsaI, lalu analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Fisher’s exact. Dari seluruh subjek yang diteliti, sebanyak 99% genotipe merupakan genotipe CC yang ditandai dengan 4 pita dan 1% genotipe merupakan genotipe CT yang ditandai dengan 5 pita. Tidak ditemukan adanya genotipe homozigot TT pada kedua kelompok studi. Populasi subjek yang terlibat dalam penelitian berada dalam keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Nilai p yang ditemukan dari hasil uji Fisher’s exact tidak menunjukkan adanya asosiasi yang bermakna antara genotipe CT/TT dan kondisi AA (p>0,05). Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa rs2476601 gen PTPN22 tidak memiliki asosiasi terhadap kemunculan AA pada populasi di Indonesia.

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Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of hair loss in human caused by the body's immune cells attacking hair follicles in the anagen phase. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2476601 is a gene variant located in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene and associated with the emergence of AA based on studies conducted in various countries. The substitution of cytosine to thymine base at position 1858 decreases the ability of lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) protein to inhibit T cell activation. This study aimed to determine the association of SNP rs2476601 with the appearance of the AA phenotype in the Indonesian population. Buccal swabs were extracted from 50 patients with AA and 50 normal individuals as control subjects. PCRRFLP technique were used to determine the subject’s genotype using the RsaI restriction enzyme, then the statistical analysis were conducted using Fisher’s exact test calculations. From all the subjects involved, 99% of the genotypes belonged to CC genotype indicated by four bands and 1% belonged to CT genotype indicated by five bands. No homozygous TT genotype was detected in both study groups. This study implies that the subject population involed is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, the p-value generated from the Fisher’s exact test shows that there was no association between the CT/TT genotype and AA conditions (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study found that rs2476601 from the PTPN22 gene is not associated with the emergence of AA in the Indonesian population."

"The objective of this research was to examine the optimum condition of enzymatic hydrolysis of shark protein by visceratic enzyme and trypsin ...."

"Protein of seaweed . Seeaweds are consumed by people,especially who lived in the coastal areas....."

"The lock-and-key principle formulated by Emil Fischer as early as the end of the 19th century has still not lost any of its significance for the life sciences. The basic aspects of ligand-protein interaction may be summarized under the term 'molecular recognition' and concern the specificity as well as stability of ligand binding. Molecular recognition is thus a central topic in the development of active substances, since stability and specificity determine whether a substance can be used as a drug. Nowadays, computer-aided prediction and intelligent molecular design make a large contribution to the constant search for, e. g., improved enzyme inhibitors, and new concepts such as that of pharmacophores are being developed."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam bahan tambal resin komposit. Jika polimerisasi tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dapat dengan mudah terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut beberapa menit hingga jam setelah penambalan, dan dapat berpenetrasi ke dalam pulpa. TEGDMA yang terlepas dilaporkan bersifat toksik terhadap jaringan dan sel tubuh.Tujuan: menentukan efek TEGDMA terhadap protein total dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi.Metode: sel-sel pulpa didapat dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur pada medium kultur DMEM. Setelah sel kultur tampak confluent (±2 malam), dilakukan subkultur dari kultur primer tersebut, yang kemudian diinkubasi kembali pada suhu 37° C dan 5% CO2 selama 1 malam pada 24- well plate. Kemudian dilakukan pemaparan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4mM, 8mM dan 12mM, selama 24 jam, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dilakukan pemaparan TEGDMA. Penentuan konsentrasi protein total sel pulpa dilakukan dengan menggunakan Bradford protein assay. Profil protein sel pulpa diidentifikasi dengan teknik SDS-PAGE. Analisa berat molekul protein sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Gel Doc (Band Analysis Quick Guide).Hasil: Rerata konsentrasi protein total sel (µg/ml ± SD) pada kelompok perlakuan dengan TEGDMA 4mM (22762,27±3385,87) dan 8mM (20268,44±1701,14) memiliki nilai dibawah kelompok kontrol (24253,77±3072,88). Sedangkan kelompok perlakuan dengan TEGDMA 12mM (23706,51±3214,52) memiliki nilai konsentrasi protein total sel di atas kelompok 4mM dan 8mM, namun masih tetap di bawah kelompok kontrol. Berdasarkan uji statistik dengan one way ANOVA, hanya kelompok TEGDMA 8mM yang memiliki perbedaan rerata konsentrasi protein total sel yang bermakna (p=0.037) terhadap kelompok kontrol. Selanjutnya dari gambaran profil protein yang terbentuk pada gel elektroforesis, tampak perubahan profil protein sel pada setiap kelompok setelah paparan TEGDMA.Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini terjadi penurunan konsentrasi protein total sel dan perubahan profil protein sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4mM, 8mM, dan 12mM.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer that contained in composite resin restoration. When polymerization is incomplete, this compound could leache into oral cavity in minutes to hours after the restoration, and could penetrate the dental pulp. TEGDMA has been reported to be cytotoxic to the tissues and cells.Objective: to determine the effects of TEGDMA on total protein and protein profile of the dental pulp cells.Methods: the dental pulp cells were collected from the dental pulp tissues of the freshly extracted teeth, and cultured in culture medium of DMEM. After the growth of cultured cells was confluent (±2 nights), the cells were subcultured then incubated (37°C, 5% CO2) overnight in 24-well plate. Afterwards, the cells were exposed to TEGDMA with concentrations of 4mM, 8mM, and 12mM, for 24 hours, meanwhile in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The concentration of total cell protein was measured by Bradford protein assay. The protein profile of the dental pulp cells were identified by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of sample protein was analyzed by Gel Doc (Band Analysis Quick Guide).Results: The mean of total cell protein concentration (µg/ml ± SD) on treatment groups of 4mM TEGDMA (22762,27±3385,87) and 8mM (20268,44±1701,14) were lower than the controls (24253,77±3072,88). Whereas, the total cell protein concentration of treatment group of TEGDMA 12mM (23706,51±3214,52) was higher than the treatment groups with TEGDMA 4mM and 8mM, but it was still lower than the controls. According to one way ANOVA statistic test, only the treatment group with TEGDMA 8mM was significantly lower than the controls (p=0.037). Furthermore, the protein profile identified by electrophoresis gel, showed the profile alteration after TEGDMA exposure.Conclusion: In this research the total cell protein concentration was decreased and the protein profile of the dental pulp cells was altered after exposure with TEGDMA 4mM, 8mM, and 12mM."

"Protein adalah salah satu unsur dalam makanan yang terdiri dari asamasam amino yang mengandung unsur karbon, hidrogen, oksigen, nitrogen, dan belerang. Identifikasi protein selama ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode spektroskopi konvensional misalnya spektroskopi UV-Vis dan metode Kjeldhal. Kedua metode ini membutuhkan persiapan sampel yang lama dan rumit, serta biaya yang mahal. Hal ini karena harus dilakukan pemisahan protein dari makromolekul yang lain yang tidak diinginkan dalam analisa. Spektroskopi FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) merupakan salah satu metode baku untuk mendeteksi struktur molekul senyawa melalui identifikasi gugus fungsi penyusun senyawa. Identifikasi protein dilakukan dengan menganalisa serapan gugus fungsi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi protein dengan FTIR, dan mengenali puncak dari protein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari ke-empat sampel (keju hewani, keju nabati, susu dan mentega) protein dapat dikenali dengan tiga peak yaitu amida III (1240-1265 cm-1) , amida IV (633-721 cm-1), dan amida VI (551-586 cm-1). Peak untuk amida III mewakili gugus CN stretching dan NH bending, amida IV mewakili gugus OCN bending dan amida VI mewakili gugus out-of plane NH bending. kadar protein relatif per karbonil untuk susu, keju hewani, keju nabati, dan mentega adalah 0,67, 1,37, 2,17, dan 1,70 dengan kadar protein 9,47 %, 19,08 %, 30,67 %, dan 24,03 %.

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Protein is one of the elements in food which consists of amino acids that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Identification of the protein had been done using conventional spectroscopic methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy and Kjeldhal methods. Preparation of the sample for both methods were long enough, complicated, and expensive. This was because had to do separation of proteins from other macromolecules that are not desirable in the analysis. FTIR Spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infra Red) is one of the standard methods for detecting the molecular structure of compound through the identification of functional groups that make up the compound. Identification is done by analyzing the absorption of the functional protein by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The aims of the research are to identify protein by FTIR, and describe their peaks.

The results of the research show that of four samples (cheese, vegetable cheese, milk, and butter), proteins can be identified by three peaks, that are amide III (1240-1265 cm-1), amide IV (633-721 cm-1), and amide VI (551-586 cm-1). Peak of the amide III represents the CN stretching and NH bending, amide group IV represents the OCN bending, and amide VI represents out-of plane NH bending. Protein relative levels per carbonyl for milk, cheese, vegetable cheese, and butter are 0.67, 1.37, 2.17, and 1.70 with a protein content of 9.47%, 19.08%, 30.67% , and 24.03%."

"Kadar C-reactive protein (CRP) dalam plasma di laporkan meningkat pada individu obes."