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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Cidera saraf perifer sebagai keluaran dari post operatif hingga saat ini belum ditangani dengan maksimal. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menentukan potensi dari sekretom pada regenerasi cidera saraf perifer.Metode: Cidera saraf perifer buatan dilakukan pada tikus dengan melakukan diseksi pada saraf sciatic. Evaluasi perbaikan motorik dilakukan mengunakan Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) pada minggu ke enam (SFI 1), minggu ke sembilan (SFI 2), dan minggu ke dua belas (SFI 3). Rasio berat basah antara otot gastrocnemius kanan dan kiri dibandingkan serta dilakukan histomorphometry saraf sciatic pada tiap kelompok.Hasil: Kelompok III menunjukan SFI 1 yang lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok I (p=0.017). Kelompok I dan III menunjukan perbedaan SF2 yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok II dan IV (p<0.001). Rasio tertinggi dari otot gastrocnemius ditemukan pada kelompok I dan III, yang bernilai 0.65 ± 0.059 dan 0.67 ± 0.179 (p<0.001). Pada histomorphometry, akson termyelinisasi paling banyak ditemukan pada kelompok I dan III, yang bernilai p<0.001.Kesimpulan: Sekretom sel punca mesenkimal korda umbilikalis dapat digunakan sebagai terapi baru untuk menggantikan autograf pada penanganan kerusakan saraf perifer.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Currently, the post-surgical outcome of peripheral nerve injury has not been optimal. The purpose of this research is to determine the potency of secretome in peripheral nerve injury regeneration.Method: The mice had artificially-induced peripheral nerve injury, which was created by dissecting the sciatic nerve. Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) was used to evaluate the motoric recovery on week six (SFI 1), week nine (SFI 2), and week twelve (SFI 3). The mice was sacrificed on week twelve. The wet mass ratios of the right and left gastrocnemius muscle were compared, then the sciatic nerve histomorphometry evaluation was performed on each group.Results: Group III showed a better SFI 1 result than Group I (p=0.017). Group I and III showed significantly better SFI 2 than group II and IV (p<0.001). The highest ratio of gastrocnemius muscle was found in group I and III, which were 0.65 ± 0.059 and 0.67 ± 0.179 (p<0.001). On histomorphometry, the highest number of myelinated axons were found in group I and III, which were p<0.001.Conclusion: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell secretome can be used as a new therapy to replace the autograft in peripheral nerve defect management."

"The 13 revised full papers presented together with 26 extended abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics in disciplines related to genetic and epigenetic networks, transcriptomics and gene regulation, signalling pathways and responses, protein structure and metabolic networks, patterning and rhythm generation, neural modelling and neural networks, biomedical modelling and signal processing, information processing and representation, and algorithmic approaches in computational biology."

"Latar belakang: Halotan, anestetika inhalasi yang poten semakin banyak ditinggalkan karena efek aritmogeniknya. Penelitian di tingkat selular kebanyakan dilakukan pada penyandang hipertermia maligna (MH), membuktikan bahwa halotan mengaktivasi reseptor ryanodin (RyR) pada otot rangka, menyebabkan penglepasan berlebihan Ca2+ dari retikulum sarkoplasmik (SR) ke sitosol, memicu hiperkontraktur otot rangka. Diasumsikan halotan mempunyai efek serupa pada otot jantung. Belum banyak penelitian mengenai efek pemberian Mg2+ terhadap perubahan konsentrasi Ca2+ akibat halotan, meskipun Mg2+ dikenal sebagai obat antiaritmik. Mg2+ diduga menurunkan konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol dengan cara meningkatkan ambilan kembali ke dalam SR melalui aktivitas SERCA. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental in vitro, dengan subjek sel kultur miosit jantung tikus. Miosit yang dimuat dengan indikator Indo1 dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Sel kontrol tidak dipajankan dengan halotan. Kelompok sel lainnya dipajankan dengan halotan berkonsentrasi 2 mM (setara dengan 1 - 3 MAC) selama 5 menit. Pada kelompok 1, setelah dipajankan dengan halotan, pajanan dihentikan dan diperiksa besar emisinya (penghentian menit ke- 0). Selanjutnya pemeriksaan emisi dilakukan setelah penghentian pajanan diteruskan selama 5, 10, 15 dan 20 menit. Sel kelompok 2 dan 3 diberi MgSO4 11 M dan 22 mM setelah pajanan halotan, kelompok 4 dan 5 diberi MgSO4 11 mM dan 22 mM sebelum pajanan halotan. Perubahan konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol diketahui dengan pemindaian laser menggunakan mikroskop konfokal, dihitung dari perubahan besar emisi pada sel terpajan dengan analisis pixel. Hasil: Halotan meningkatkan konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol jantung secara bermakna. Pemberian MgSO4 sebelum pajanan halotan tidak mencegah peningkatan konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol. Pemberian MgSO4 setelah pajanan halotan tidak bermakna menurunkan konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol, namun ditemukan kecenderungan turunnya konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol dengan penambahan dosis MgSO4, setara dengan efek penghentian pajanan halotan selama 10 menit. Lima belas menit setelah penghentian pajanan halotan, konsentrasi Ca2+ turun secara bermakna. Dua puluh menit setelah pajanan halotan dihentikan, konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol telah kembali ke nilai awal. Simpulan: Halotan meningkatkan konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol jantung. Mg2+ tidak bermakna menurunkan konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol jantung dan tidak mencegah peningkatan konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol jantung akibat pajanan halotan. Setelah penghentian pajanan halotan selama 15 menit, konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosol turun secara bermakna.

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Background: Halothane, a potent inhalational anesthetic, has been recognized to cause arrhythmia, probably due to activation of ryanodine receptor (RyR), triggering Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to the cytosol. The similar mechanism had been known in skeletal muscle of malignant hyperthermia (MH) patients. Mg2+ hypothetically prevents Ca2+ release by inhibition of RyR and increasing Ca2+ reuptake to SR by SERCA activity. Although Mg2+ had been used as an antiarrhythmic agent, the effect on reducing halothane-induced high intracellular Ca2+ concentration is not well studied.

Method: This experimental in vitro study was done on cultured cell of rat cardiomyocytes. Cells divided into 6 groups. 5 groups were exposed to halothane for 5 minutes (at concentration of 2 mM, equal to 1-3 MAC) and one was not. Of the 5 halothane-exposed groups, group 1 received no additional treatment, but observed immediately after discontinuation of halothane exposure, then 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after discontinuation. Group 2 and 3 were given 11 mM and 22 mM MgSO4 after halothane exposure, respectively. Group 4 and 5 had the corresponding MgSO4 treatment prior to exposure. The change in cytosolic Ca2+ was observed by a confocal microscope and measured by pixel analysis for the emission.

Results: Halothane increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in rat cardiac myocytes, in which was not substantially altered by MgSO4 given before or after the exposure. There was a trend of decreasing Ca2+ concentration with higher dose of Mg2+. MgSO4 of 22 mM decreased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration to the same extent as discontinuation of halothane for 10 minutes. The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration significantly decreased 15 minutes after discontinuation of halothane exposure and the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration returned to the basal level 20 minutes after discontinuation of halothane exposure.

Conclusion: Halothane increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in rat cardiac myocytes. Neither pre- nor post-halothane exposure administration of MgSO4 substantially alters this phenomenon. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was significantly reduced 15 minutes after discontinuation of halothane exposure."