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"Latar Belakang: Salah satu hipotesis yang menjelaskan hubungan endometriosis dengan infertilitas adalah endometriosis diyakini menyebabkan gangguan fisiologi ovarium, salah satunya dengan mempengaruhi folikulogenesis yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas oosit. Oosit memainkan peran penting dalam mengatur dan mendukung pertumbuhan folikel, melalui produksi faktor pertumbuhan oosit. Beberapa faktor pertumbuhan telah diidentifikasi pada oosit manusia, termasuk growth differentiation factor-9 GDF-9 . Namun, sampai saat ini penelitian mengenai ekspresi GDF-9 pada sel granulosa pada wanita infertil dengan endometriosis masih belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui ekspresi mRNA GDF-9 pada sel granulosa pasien endometriosis yang menjalani FIV dan untuk mencari adanya korelasi antara ekspresi GDF-9 dengan kualitas oosit. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di Klinik IVF Yasmin RSCM dan Klinik Sander B di Jakarta pada bulan Juli 2014 - Juli 2017. Sebanyak 50 sampel terdiri atas 25 wanita dengan endometriosis dan 25 kontrol. Sampel sel granulosa dikumpulkan pada saat petik oosit. Ekspresi mRNA GDF-9 dinilai menggunakan real time PCR. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan jumlah ambilan oosit, jumlah oosit matur dan skor morfologi oosit pada kelompok pasien dengan endometriosis dan bermakna secara statistik. Ekspresi GDF-9 secara kuantitatif lebih rendah pada kelompok endometriosis dibandingkan dengan kontrol 5.05 0.00002 ndash; 3523 ng/ l vs 81.93 1,47 ndash; 32450 ng/ l; p=0,01 . Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan korelasi antara ekspresi GDF-9 dan kualitas oosit dari skor morfologi oosit dan laju fertilisasi. Kesimpulan: Ekspresi GDF9 lebih rendah pada kelompok endometriosis dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Namun, kami tidak menemukan korelasi antara ekspresi GDF-9 dengan kualitas oosit. Dibutuhkan studi dengan besar sampel yang lebih besar untuk mengkonfirmasi apakah perubahan ekspresi GDF-9 memiliki korelasi dengan kualitas oosit serta untuk membuktikan apakah GDF-9 dapat digunakan sebagai penanda molekuler baru untuk memprediksi kompetensi perkembangan oosit.

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Background: One of the hypothesis that explains the association between endometriosis and infertility is that endometriosis is believed to cause ovarian physiology disturbances, one of them by affecting folliculogenesis that cause decreased oocyte quality. The oocyte plays an important role in regulating and promoting follicle growth, by the production of oocyte growth factors. Several growth factors have been identified in human oocytes, including growth differentiation factor-9 GDF-9. However the studies on GDF-9 expression in granulosa cells of infertile women with endometriosis are sparse.

Objective: To investigate the expression of GDF-9 mRNA in granulosa cells of endometriosis patients undergoing IVF and to find the correlation between GDF-9 expression and oocyte quality.

Method: This cross sectional study was done at Yasmin IVF Clinic and dr. Sander B Clinic Jakarta in July 2014 - July 2017. A total fifty samples of 25 womens with endometriosis and 25 controls were included. We collect the granulosa cells sample at the time of oocyte retrieval. GDF-9 mRNA expression were investigated by Real-Time PCR.

Result: The number of oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes and the oocyte morphology score were lower in the group of patients with endometriosis and this was statistically significant. GDF-9 mRNA expression levels was quantitatively lower in endometriosis groups compared to control 5.05 0.00002 ndash; 3523 ng/ l vs 81.93 1,47 ndash; 32450 ng/ l; p=0,01. However, we did not find any correlation between GDF-9 expression levels and oocyte quality from oocyte morphology score and fertilization rate.

Conclusion: GDF9 mRNA level was lower in endometriosis group compared to control group. However, we did not find correlation between individual GDF-9 level and oocyte quality. Large-sample studies were needed to confirm whether the expression of GDF-9 had a correlation with oocyte quality as well as to prove whether GDF-9 could be used as a new molecular marker to predict the oocyte developmental competence."

"Contents :- Chapter I: Introduction - Chapter 2: System Overview - Chapter 3: Radio Signals - Chapter 4: Generations of Cellular Technologies - Chapter 5: Antennas and Signal Propagation - Chapter 6: Spread Spectrum in Cellular - References "

"ABSTRAKThalassemia patients who undergo life-long recurrent blood transfusion will experience iron overload in various organs including the liver and possibly suffer from chronic hepatitis C infection which may lead to liver impairment. The liver produces hepcidin, a hormone which plays role in the regulation of iron level in the blood. Various factors may influence hepcidin level in the blood. Chronic hepatitis C causes iron overload and liver impairment. Liver impairment and haemolytic anaemia due to haemoglobinopathy will suppress hepcidin production. Anaemia stimulates growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) to increase erythropoiesis and suppress hepcidin production. Iron overload causes increase in hepcidin level. Presence of factors which decrease or increase hepcidin production will express various levels of hepcidin. This study aimed to identify the expression of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels in thalassemia patients with iron overload and positive anti-HCV. Information on hepcidin and GDF-15 levels are beneficial in the management of iron overload in thalassemia with positive anti-HCV.Method: This study was a descriptive analytic study in thalassemia patients who had received recurrent blood transfusion ≥ 12 times, suffered from iron overload (transferrin saturation > 55% and ferritin > 1,000 ng/mL), which consisted of 31 individuals with positive anti-HCV and 27 individuals with negative anti-HCV. This study was performed in Thalassemia Centre Department of Child Health and Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, in October 2011–January 2012. Serum hepcidin and GDF-15 examinations were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) examinations were performed using colorimetry method. Data on ferritin and transferrin saturation were obtained from medical records in the last 3 months. Data was analysed using SPSS Windows version 17 software.Results: Characteristics of subjects in this study included ferritin level, transferrin saturation, AST, and ALT were 5,289 (SD 2,492) ng/mL, 96.7 (SD 9.2)%, 41.8 (SD 26.7) U/L, and 50.6 (24.9) U/L, respectively. It was obtained that the hepcidin levels were within the normal limits with median of 51.5 (19-166) pg/mL, while GDF-15 levels were higher than the normal range with median of 1,936 (643-2,475) pg/mL. There was no significant difference of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels between positive and negative anti-HCV groups, with p value of 0.842 and 0.115, respectively.Conclusion: We obtained that the hepcidin levels were within normal limits and GDF-15 levels were higher than the normal range. There was no significant difference of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels between positive and negative anti-HCV group."

"Pada persaingan pasar telekomunikasi saat ini, operator GSM perlu untuk mengetahui kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan maupun masyarakat umum sebagai pasar layanan telekomunikasi. Dengan banyaknya pilihan akan jasa telekomunikasi, pelanggan cenderung berpindah dari satu operator ke operator lainnya dikarenakan tidak merasa puas terhadap layanan yang diberikan. Oleh sebab itu operator GSM dalam membuat suatu kebijakan maupun untuk mempertahankan pelanggan yang telah mereka miliki, perlu untuk mempertimbangkan faktor kepuasan pelanggan. Hal ini bertujuan agar produk yang ditawarkan dapat diterima dengan baik oleh masyarakat dan kualitas layanan dapat terjaga. Tesis ini akan membahas tentang customer satification index atau tingkat kepuasan pelanggan pada industri jasa telekomunikasi di Indonesia, khususnya layanan voice pada layanan GSM. Kualitas layanan GSM yang dianalisis, antara lain: kegagalan melakukan panggilan, blank spot, call drop, kualitas suara, dan faktor tarif yang menjadi faktor persaingan utama saat ini di pasar telekomunikasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa pelanggan Indonesia merupakan tariff oriented bukan kuality oriented. Selain itu Axis yang merupakan new commer di Telekomunikasi Indonesia memiliki kepuasan pelanggan tertinggi di antara operator GSM lainnya berdasarkan GAP analisis dan CSI analisys.

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In competition of telecommunications market, the GSM operators need to know the needs and desires of the general public or customers as the market of telecommunication services. With so many options in telecommunication services, customers tend to move from one operator to another operator because they are not satisfied with the services. Therefore GSM operator in making a policy and to maintain their customers, need to consider the factors such as customer satisfaction. The purpose of making the customer satisfaction as base for the telecommunication operators is to make their product accepted by public, maintain their quality of service, and maintain their loyal customers.

This seminar will discuss about analyzes customer satisfaction index level or customer satisfaction in the telecommunication industry in Indonesia, especially about voice quality of GSM services. The voice quality of GSM services that analyze in this thesis, such as: the failure to call, blank spots, traffic at the busy hours such as at a feast, and the sound quality, also the rates factors which become the prime factor in competition among telecommunications operators.

Base on this analysis result, Indonesia subscriber are tariff oriented type and not Quality type. Axis from 5 operator which become object of telecommunication research, have highest customer satisfaction index in Indonesia telecommunication accourding to gap analysis and CSI analysis."