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"Tujuan Untuk menganalisis apakah bising pesawat terbang denyut nadi istirahat, dan faktor lain berperan meningkatkan risiko kejadian tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) pada penerbang TNI AU.Metode Desain penelitian nested case-control. Data berasal dari rekam medis hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala dan indoktrinasi latihan aerofi siologi di LAKESPRA Saryanto di Jakarta antara Januari 2003 ? September 2008. Kelompok kasus ialah subjek dengan TDD ≥90 mmHg; kelompok kontrol adalah dengan TDD ≤89 mmHg. Setiap kasus dipadankan dengan 12 kontrol.Hasil Di antara 567 penerbang, 544 (95,9%) mempunyai rekam medis yang lengkap, dan diperoleh 40 kasus dan 480 kontrol. Penerbang yang biasa terpajan bising dalam pesawat 90-95 dB dibandingkan 70-80 dB mempunyai risiko 2,7 kali menderita TDD tinggi [rasio odds (ORa) = 2,70; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1,05-6,97]. Penerbang dengan frekuensi nadi istirahat ≥ 81/menit dibandingkan ≤ 80/minute mempunyai risiko 2,7 kali TDD tinggi (ORa = 2,66; 95% CI = 1,26- 5,61). Ditinjau dari segi total jam terbang, penerbang dengan total jam terbang 1401-11125 jam dibandingkan 147-1400 jam mempuyai risiko 3,2 kali menderita TDD tinggi (ORa = 3,18; 95% CI = 1,01-10,03).Kesimpulan Intensitas bising dalam pesawat yang tinggi, frekuensi nadi istirahat yang tinggi, jumlah jam terbang total yang tinggi meningkatkan risiko TDD tinggi. Pemeriksaan mawas diri frekuensi nadi istirahat oleh penerbang dapat dipakai untuk pengendalian TDD tinggi.

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Aim To analyze the effects of aircraft noise, resting pulse rate, and other factors on the risk of high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Indonesian Air Force pilots.

Methods A nested case-control study was conducted using data extracted from annual medical check-ups indoctrination aerophysiologic training records at the Saryanto Aviation and Aerospace Health Institute (LAKESPRA) in Jakarta from January 2003 ? September 2008. For analysis of DBP: the case group with DBP = 90 mmHg were compared with contral group with DBP < 79 mmHG. One case matched to 12 controls.

Results Out of 567 pilots, 544 (95.9%) had complete medical records. For this analysis there were 40 cases of high DBP and 480 controls for DBP. Pilots exposed to aircraft noise 90-95 dB rather than 70-80 dB had a 2.7-fold increase for high DBP [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 2.70; 95% confi dence interval (CI ) = 1.05-6.97]. Pilots with resting pulse rates of = 81/minute rather than = 80/minute had a 2.7-fold increase for high DBP (ORa = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.26-5.61). In terms of total fl ight hours, pilots who had 1401-11125 hours rather than 147-1400 hours had a 3.2-fold increase for high DBP (ORa = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.01-10.03).

Conclusion High interior aircraft noise, high total fl ight hours, and high resting pulse rate, increased risk for high DBP. Self assessment of resting pulse rate can be used to control the risk of high DBP."

"Running economy (RE) at an intensity above the lactate threshold (LT) is reported to be the most important aerobic capacity for estimating 1,500-m running performance. The reason that the RE at intensity better reflects the energy metabolism during a 1,500-m run, is that it is performed above the LT intensity running. This study clarified the relationship be¬tween an 800-m run, which is performed above the LT intensity, and aerobic capacities, includ¬ing the RE measured at intensities below and above the LT. This study included 12 well-trained j male middle-distance runners (800-m velocity: 25.5 ± 0.5 km-h"1, LT intensity: 79.7 ± 5.1%maximal oxygen uptake [VC>2max]). Both the RE of below and above the LT intensity were cal¬culated at 65%V02max (RE6s) and 90%VO2max (RE9o). The 800-m velocity was not related to the VC^max or the LT intensity (r = -0.16 and -0.10, respectively). This velocity correlated with both RE90 and RE65, with the correlation coefficient being higher for RE90 (r = -0.80 vs -0.75). Furthermore, the coefficient of determination for the 800-m velocity determined from V02max, LT intensity and RE90 was higher than that determined from V02max, LT intensity and RE65 (R2 = 0.522 vs 0.428, P = 0.03 vs 0.06). Based on these results, we concluded that the RE at an intensity above the LT might be better than other aerobic capacities for estimating the 800-m running performance, and more than 50% of this performance can be explained by VC max, LT intensity and RE at an intensity above the LT."

"Latar belakang: Pola hidup sedenter pada usia produktif berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup pada lansia, antara lain dapat menimbulkan penurunan massa dan fungsi otot atau sarkopenia. Salah satu pendekatan untuk menjaga kualitas hidup lansia adalah dengan latihan fisik. Latihan fisik intensitas tinggi dengan interval (high intensity interval training, HIIT) dan latihan fisik intensitas sedang (moderate intensity training, MIT) diketahui dapat menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Meskipun HIIT dinilai bermanfaat, kelayakannya pada individu dewasa tua masih belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh HIIT untuk mencegah sarkopenia pada proses penuaan hewan coba. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Litbangkes Depkes dari September 2016-Maret 2017. Tikus Wistar jantan usia dewasa muda (6 bulan) dan dewasa tua (12 bulan), diberi perlakuan HIIT dan MIT selama 8 minggu. Masing-masing kelompok usia dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu: K1 (kontrol, didekapitasi pada hari-1 penelitian sebagai baseline; K2 (kontrol, sedenter); HIIT dan MIT. Pada akhir minggu ke-8 dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar Troponin-T, PGC-1α (ELISA); kadar asam laktat (spektrofotometri); morfologi otot rangka (HE); serta marker apoptosis (Caspase3, imunohistokimia). Hasil: Kadar Troponin T kelompok HIIT dan MIT lebih tinggi dibandingkan K2 baik pada usia dewasa muda dan usia dewasa tua. Kadar PGC-1α lebih tinggi pada kelompok HIIT dan MIT dibandingkan kelompok K2 pada usia dewasa tua. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar asam laktat darah pada kelompok HIIT dan MIT usia dewasa muda dan dewasa tua dibandingkan dengan K2. Akan tetapi, kadar asam laktat darah K1-T dan K2T berbeda signifikan, namun tidak melebihi 4,0 mmol/L. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pada jumlah serat otot rangka kelompok HIIT dan MIT tikus dewasa muda dan dewasa tua dibandingkan K2. Pada tikus dewasa muda, luas penampang serat otot rangka lebih rendah bermakna pada kelompok HIIT dan MIT dibandingkan K2-M. Ekspresi Caspase3 pada jaringan otot rangka hanya ditemukan pada kelompok usia dewasa tua, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok HIIT dan MIT dengan K2. Kesimpulan: HIIT dan MIT selama 8 minggu pada tikus dewasa tua dapat mempertahankan kadar Troponin T dan PGC-1α yang penting untuk kontraksi otot rangka. Penerapan kedua latihan ini pada usia dewasa tua tidak meningkatkan kadar laktat darah yang melebihi ambang normal serta tidak menyebabkan kerusakan dan apoptosis pada otot rangka. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa HIIT dan MIT keduanya dapat diterapkan pada usia dewasa tua dan bermanfaat dalam mencegah sarkopenia.

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Background: SSedentary lifestyle duringproductive age will influences the quality of life in the elderly, . among others, cIt can cause a decrease in function and muscle mass or which known as sarcopenia. One approach to maintaining the quality of life of thein elderly is physical exercise. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity training (MIT) are known to be able to maintain and improve quality of life. Although HIIT is considered beneficial, its feasibility in older adult individuals is still not widely known. This study aims to determine investigate the effect of HIIT to in preventing sarcopenia in the aging process of experimental animals. Methods: This study was conducted at Animal Laboratory of Ministry of Health RI from September 2016-March 2017. Male of young adults (6 months) and older adults (12 months) Wistar rats, treated with HIIT and MIT for 8 weeks. Each age group was divided randomly into 4 groups, namely: K1 (control, decapitated on study day-1 as baseline); K2 (control, sedenter); HIIT and MIT. At the end of the 8th weeks, we examined Troponin T levels were examined, PGC-1α (ELISA); lactic acid levels (spectrophotometry); skeletal muscle morphology (HE); as well asand Caspase-3 as markers of apoptosis (Caspase-3, immunohistochemistry). Results: Troponin-T levels of HIIT and MIT groups were higher than K2 in both in young adult and old adult rats. PGC-1α levels were higher in the HIIT and MIT groups than in thecompared to K2 group in old adult rats. There were no differences in blood lactic acid levels in the HIIT group and MIT groups in both young and older adults compared to K2. HoweverInterestingly, blood lactic acid levels were significantly difference between K1old adult and K2-old adult rats in older adult rats differ significantly, but do not exceed 4.0 mmol /L. There was no difference in the number of skeletal muscle fibers in the HIIT and MIT groups of young and old adult rats compared to K2all groups. In young adult rats, cross sectional area (CSA) skeletal muscle was significantly lower in HIIT training than K2. Caspase-3 expression in skeletal muscle tissue was only found in the old adult group rats, but there was no difference between HIIT and MIT groups with compared to K2 group. Conclusion: Our study revealed that HIIT and MIT for 8 weeks in old adult rats can maintain levels of Troponin T and PGC-1α which are important for skeletal muscle contraction of skeletal muscles. The application of these two exercises in older adult rats does not increase blood lactate lactic acid levels that exceed the normal threshold and does not cause damage and apoptosis in skeletal muscles. This research Therefore our study shows that both HIIT and MIT can both be applied in older adult rats and are useful beneficial in preventing sarcopenia."

"Tujuan: Kondisi obesitas berpotensi menyebabkan kondisi stres oksidatif dalam tubuh. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) diyakini dapat membantu memperbaiki kondisi stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas HIIT terhadap penanda stres oksidatif dan persentase lemak tubuh pada laki-laki dewasa muda dengan obesitas.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan uji pre-post pada satu kelompok perlakuan. Subjek penelitian adalah laki-laki obesitas berusia antara 18-30 yahun yang tidak melakukan latihan fisik rutin selama 6 bulan terakhir. Subjek mendapat intervensi HIIT selama 12 minggu dan diperiksa kadar SOD, MDA, serta komposisi tubuh pada awal dan akhir intervensi.Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan SOD dan penurunan MDA namun tidak memperlihatkan perubahan yang signifikan (p=0,674 dan p=0,562). Kemudian terdapat penurunan persentase lemak namun tidak signifikan (p=0,086).Kesimpulan: Pemberian program HIIT pada subjek laki-laki dewasa muda dengan obesitas selama minimal 12 minggu dapat menurunkan rerata kadar MDA sebesar 0,27µM, meningkatkan rerata kadar SOD sebesar 8,43U/mL, dan menurunkan persentase lemak tubuh sebesar 2,26% namun perubahan tersebut tidak signifikan. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara perubahan persentase lemak dengan perubahan kadar MDA dan SOD setelah intervensi.

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Objective: Obesity has the potential to cause oxidative stress in the body. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is believed to help improve oxidative stress conditions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of HIIT on oxidative stress, markers and body fat percentage in young adult men with obesity.

Methods: This study used an experimental design with pre-post tests in one treatment group. The research subjects were obese men aged between 18-30 years who had not done regular physical exercise for the last 6 months. Subjects received HIIT intervention for 12 weeks and had SOD, MDA and body composition levels checked at the beginning and end of the intervention.

Results: There was an increase in SOD and a decrease in MDA but did not show significant changes (p=0.674 and p=0.562). Then there was a decrease in fat percentage but it was not significant (p=0.086).

Conclusions: Giving the HIIT program to young adult male subjects with obesity for a minimum of 12 weeks can reduce the average MDA level by 0.27µM, increase the average SOD level by 8.43U/mL, and reduce the percentage of body fat by 2.26%, but these changes not significant. No relationship was found between changes in fat percentage and changes in MDA and SOD levels after the intervention."

"Latar Belakang: Akumulasi lemak viseral pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipe 2 dapat menyebabkan komplikasi metabolik dan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan dalam bentuk kombinasi High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) dan latihan beban terhadap perubahan lemak viseral pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Metode: Analisis sekunder dari Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) pada bulan Juli 2017 sampai Januari 2018. Subjek berjumlah 18 orang yang diambil dari kelompok eksperimen. Subjek melakukan HIIT sebanyak 3x/minggu dan latihan beban 2x/minggu dengan durasi 12 minggu latihan. Protokol HIIT dengan perbandingan 1 menit intensitas tinggi dan 4 menit intensitas lebih rendah, sedangkan latihan beban terdiri dari 9 jenis latihan meliputi ekstrimitas atas, batang tubuh, dan ekstrimitas bawah. Hasil: 18 pasien (72% perempuan) dengan rerata usia 50,94 tahun. Seluruh subjek berada pada kategori overweight (17%), dan obese (83%), serta obesitas sentral (100%). Tidak didapatkan perubahan lemak viseral yang signifikan (p>0.05) dengan pengukuran menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Kesimpulan: Didapatkan seluruh subjek berada pada kategori overweight dan obese serta memiliki obesitas sentral. Tidak didapatkan perubahan lemak viseral yang bermakna dari kombinasi HIIT dan latihan beban selama 12 minggu pada pasien DM Tipe 2.

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Background: The accumulation of visceral fat in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient can cause metabolic complications and risk of cardiovascular disease. Goals: This study aims to determine the effect of combined High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Resistance training on the Changes in Visceral Fat in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient. Methods: Secondary analysis of the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) on July 2017 and completed January 2018. Eighteen participants were taken from the experimental group. Participants did HIIT three times a week and resistance training twice a week with the duration of 12 weeks. HIIT protocol was comprised of one minute of high intensity and 4 minutes of lower intensity. Resistance training was comprised of nine exercises for upper extremities, core, and lower extremities. Results: 18 patients (72% female) with an average age of 50.94 years. All subjects were in the overweight (17%), obese (83%), and central obesity (100%). There were no significant changes in visceral fat (p>0,05) with measurements using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Conclusion: All participants are overweight, obese and have central obesity. There were no changes in visceral fat from a combination of HIIT and resistance training in

Type 2 DM patients in 12 weeks."

"Latar Belakang: Osteoartritis (OA) lutut seringkali menyebabkan disabilitas akibat nyeri dan penurunan kemampuan fungsional berjalan. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) dan High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) telah terbukti mampu menurunkan nyeri dan kemampuan fungsional pada OA lutut, namun hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang membandingkan kedua modalitas tersebut.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan efek LLLT dan HILT terhadap derajat nyeri dan kemampuan fungsional pasien OA lutut.Metode: Studi ini merupakan uji klinis acak terkontrol tersamar ganda yang melibatkan 61 subjek yang diacak ke dalam kelompok LLLT (n=31) dan HILT (n=30). Subjek adalah pasien OA lutut di Poliklinik Muskuloskeletal Departemen Rehabilitasi Medik RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan VAS ≥ 4 dan mampu berjalan 15 meter. Terapi laser diberikan 3 kali seminggu selama 2 minggu. Derajat nyeri dinilai dengan VAS dan kemampuan fungsional dinilai dengan uji jalan 15 meter.Hasil: Setelah 6 kali terapi, didapatkan penurunan VAS kelompok LLLT dan HILT sebesar 3 (2 – 4) dan 3 (2 – 5) serta peningkatan kecepatan berjalan sebesar 0,23(0,02 – 1,24) meter/detik dan 0,22 (0,08 – 0,7) meter/detik) yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,001) maupun secara klinis. Pada perbandingan antar kelompok didapatkan kelompok HILT mengalami penurunan VAS yang lebih cepat dan lebih besar dibanding kelompok LLLT (p<0.001), namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan perubahan kecepatan berjalan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,655).Simpulan: Pemberian HILT pada pasien OA lutut mampu menurunkan derajat nyeri dengan lebih cepat dan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pemberian LLLT.

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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee causes disability due to pain and decreased functional ability to walk. The degree of pain will affect the functional ability to walk. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been shown to reduce pain in knee OA, while High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) is able to reach deeper joint areas.

Aim: To compare the differences of LLLT and HILT on pain and functional capacity knee OA.

Methods: This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 61 subjects randomized into LLLT (n=31) and HILT (n=30) groups . Subject was knee OA patient with VAS ≥ 4 in Muskuloskeletal Polyclinic of Medical Rehabilitation RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Laser therapy was given 3 times per week for 2 weeks. Pain measured with VAS and functional capacity evaluated with 50-feet walk test.

Result: After 6 therapy sessions, both LLLT and HILT group showed reduced VAS score [LLLT = 3 (2 – 4), HILT = 3 (2 – 5)] and increased walking speed (LLLT =

0.23 (0.02 – 1.24) m/s, HILT = 0.22 (0.08 – 0.7) m/s) which was statistically (p<0.001) and clinically significant. HILT group had faster and greater VAS reduction compared to LLLT group (p<0.001), but there was no significant difference in walking speed between the two groups (p=0.655).

Conclusion: HILT and LLLT combined with exercise were effective in reducing pain and increasing functional capacity in knee OA patient after 6 sessions of treatment. Pain improvement was faster and greater in HILT group than LLLT group.

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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh lama penyinaran LED curing unitdengan waktu 1,3 detik dari LED curing unit ultra high intensity (Flash Max P3,intensitas 4000 mW/cm2) dan 20 detik dari LED konvensional (Ledmax 450,intensitas 450 mW/cm2) terhadap kekuatan tarikan diametral resin kompositpackable. Uji kekuatan tarik diametral menggunakan Universal Testing Machine.Hasil uji kekuatan tarik diametral diperoleh 31,1±6,84 MPa; 42,9±8,26 MPa dan52,5±7,52 MPa. Analisa statistik independent t-test menunjukkan perbedaanbermakna (p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan, lama penyinaran dari LED curing unitultra high intensity mempengaruhi kekuatan tarik diametral resin kompositpackable.

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ABSTRACTThat aim of study to evaluate the influence of the curing time of LED curing uniton diametral tensile strength composite resin packable with 1,3 second from ultrahigh intensity LED curing unit (Flash Max, intensity 4000 mW/cm2) and 20seconds from convensional LED (Ledmax 450, intensity 450 mW/cm2). UniversalTesting Machine was used and the results showed diametral tensile strength of31,1±6,84 MPa; 42,9±8,264 MPa; 52,5±7,52 MPa. The result was independent tteststatistically significant (p<0,05). In conclusion, curing time of ultra highintensity LED curing unit influences the diametral tensile strength of packablecomposite resin."

"Obesitas dan berat badan berlebih memiliki dampak negatif pada fungsi kognitif. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya inflamasi sentral yang terjadi di otak. Latihan fisik yang sesuai dan efektif adalah salah satu solusi untuk mencegah dampak negatif dari obesitas. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) merupakan jenis olahraga efektif yang menggunakan intensitas tinggi dengan durasi yang singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh respon akut dan kronik dari HIIT terhadap fungsi kognitif yang ditinjau dari kadar BDNF, Irisin, dan uji fungsi kognitif (MoCA, Trail Making Test, N-Back). Penelitian ini menggunakan uji eksperimental pada 15 laki laki dewasa yang memiliki berat badan berlebih. Latihan HIIT akan dilakukan selama 12 minggu dengan frekuensi 3 kali setiap minggu, kemudian akan dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah dan uji fungsi kognitif pada minggu ke-1 dan minggu ke-12 latihan HIIT. Terdapat respon akut HIIT pada minggu ke-12 terhadap fungsi kognitif pada uji TMT-A, TMT-B, N-Back, serta terhadap peningkatan kadar irisin dan BDNF. Tidak terdapat respon kronik HIIT terhadap peningkatan pada uji fungsi kognitif, kadar irisin dan BDNF.

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Obesity and overweight have a negative impact on cognitive function. This is caused by a central inflammation that occurs in the brain. Appropriate and effective physical exercise is one of the solutions to prevent the negative effects of obesity. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is an effective type of exercise that uses high intensity for a short duration. The purpose of this study is to assess the acute and chronic effects of HIIT on cognitive function as measured by BDNF, Irisin, and cognitive function tests (MoCA, Trail Making Test, N-Back). This study applied an experimental test on 15 overweight adult males. HIIT exercises will be carried out for 12 weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week, then blood samples and cognitive function tests will be carried out in the 1st and 12th weeks of HIIT training. There was an acute HIIT response at week 12 to cognitive function on the TMT-A, TMT-B, N-Back tests, as well as to increased levels of irisin and BDNF. There was no chronic HIIT response to improvements in cognitive function tests, irisin levels and BDNF."