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"Michael Faraday (1791?1867) was one of the most important men of science in nineteenth century Britain. His discoveries of electro-magnetic rotations (1821) and electro-magnetic induction (1831) laid the foundations of the modern electrical industry. His discovery of the magneto-optical effect and diamagnetism (1845) led him to formulate the field theory of electro-magnetism, which forms one of the cornerstones of modern physics.These and a whole host of other fundamental discoveries in physics and chemistry, together with his lecturing at the Royal Institution, his work for the state (including Trinity House), his religious beliefs and his lack of mathematical ability, make Faraday one of the most fascinating scientific figures ever.All these aspects of his life and work and others, such as his illnesses, are reflected in his correspondence. This volume, in which just over 70 per cent of the 841 letters are previously unpublished, covers the latter half of the 1850s and most of 1860.Topics include: Faraday's work on regelation, the transmission of light through gold and his attempts to bring gravity into his general scheme of forces; the offer by Queen Victoria - and Faraday's acceptance - of a 'grace and favour' house at Hampton Court; his advice to Trinity House, the Board of Trade and the Royal Commission on lighthouses; his investigation of the deterioration of the stonework of the relatively new Houses of Parliament; the conservation issues surrounding the National Gallery's pictures; and his appointment by Emperor Napoleon III to be a Commander of the Legion of Honour."

"ABSTRAK Dalam tugas akhir ini dibahas mengenai sifat irrotationaldan solenoidal yang terdapat pada persamaan Maxwell. Teoriyang digunakan adalah analisa vektor dan teorema-teorema padadiferensial dan integral. Pembahasan terdiri dari anti inatematis dari persarnaanMaxwell, bentuk integral dari persamaan Maxwell dan sedikitaplikasi pada persarnaan gelombang."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membangun generator magnet yang dapat menghasilkan medan magnet dengan efek perubahan optik magnetik yang disebabkan oleh medan magnet yang dihasilkan pada ruang sampel. Ruang sampel tersebut berada di antara dua pengarah medan magnet yang diletakan berhadapan. Keseragaman medan magnet di antara dua pengarah medan magnet diukur secara tiga dimensi. Generator magnetik terdiri dari dua koil yang dibalik arah lilitannya. Pengarah medan magnet terbuat dari bahan ferromagnetik untuk memperkuat induksi magnetik. Arus yang diberikan ke sistem dapat mencapai 10 A dan menghasilkan hingga besar medan 0,1 T yang dapat dikendalikan melalui mikrokontroler. Generator magnet yang dikembangkan akan digunakan untuk studi instrumentasi rotasi faraday. Penelitian ini menghasilkan fungsi transfer B vs I, yaitu B = 98,26502i 18,27325.

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This study is conducted to build magnetic generator to produce magnetic field with which the effect of the changing magnetic optic caused by the generated magnetic field on a sample between the two groups of coil could be quantitatively studied. The uniformity of the magnetic field between the two groups in three dimension also examined. The magnetic generator is consisted of auxiliary coil, which is reversed for each groups, that is integrated with a ferromagnetic material as the core to amplify the magnetic induction. The current supplied to the system is up to 10 A and generate up to 0,1 T which can be controlled via microcontroller computer communication protocol. The developed magnetic generator will be used in another study to generate magnetic field for faraday rotation instrumentation. This study produced a transfer function B vs. I is B 98,26502i 18,27325."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja sistem Rotasi Faraday sebagai alat karakterisasi sifat Magneto-Optik fasa cair. Peningkatan yang dilakukan adalah memperbesar medan magnet yang dihasilkan dan intensitas cahaya maksimum yang dihasilkan lebih besar. Nilai yang diukur adalah intensitas cahaya, perubahan besar sudut bidang getar cahaya terpolarisasi, dan besar medan magnet. Pengukuran intensitas cahaya menggunakan sensor cahaya BH1750, perubahan sudut bidang getar terpolarisasi linear menggunakan stepper motor untuk menggerakan lensa Analisator yang sudah dipasang gear, dan medan magnet menggunakan Teslameter. Sumber cahaya yang digunakan adalah laser red dot dengan panjang gelombang 650 nm. Nilai intensitas cahaya maksimum yang dihasilkan sebesar 54612 lux. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengatur posisi awal sudut antara Polarisator dan Analisator sebesar 45º, ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan intensitas cahaya yang maksimal sehingga perubahan sudut bidang getar terpolarisasi dapat diketahui. Perubahan sudut bidang getar cahaya dipengaruhi oleh besar medan magnet, konstanta verdet, dan panjang sampel. Besar medan magnet yang dihasilkan sebesar 144,09 mT dan panjang sampel yang digunakan sebesar 0,008 m. Sampel yang digunakan adalah minyak nabati yang bersumber dari jagung, bunga matahari, dan zaitun. Konstanta Verdet untuk masing-masing sampel minyak nabati yang bersumber dari jagung, bunga matahari, dan zaitun adalah 0,06349 mT/m; 0,06971 mT/m; dan 0,03434 mT/m.

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This research objective is to improving the performance of Faraday Rotation system as instrument of characterization Magneto-Optical in liquid phase. The improvement there is the resulting magnetic field can be increased and the light intensity measured will be maximum. The values that measured were the light intensity, the change in the angle of the plane of the pulsed light, and the magnitude of the magnetic field. To measure light intensity using sensor BH1750, measuring variance in the angle of the linear polarized vibrating field it will using a stepper motor to move the analyzer lens that has been set on a gear, and measuring the magnetic field value using a Teslameter. The light source used a red dot laser with a wavelength of 650 nm. The maximum light intensity sensor value that can be detected is 54612 lux. Data retrieval is done by adjusting the initial position angle between the Polarizer and the Analyzer lens at 45º, this is to get the maximum number of light intensity so that the change in the angle of the polarized vibratory plane can be known. Variances in the angle of the plane of linear polarized light are influenced by there are the magnitude of the magnetic field, the Verdet constant, and the length of the sample. The magnitude result of the magnetic field is 144.09 mT with sample length is 0.008 m. The samples used were vegetable oils from corn, sunflower, and olive. The Verdet constant for corn oil, sunflower oil, and olive oil was 0.06349 mT/m; 0.06971 mT/m; and 0.03434 mT/m, respectively."

"ABSTRAKTelah ditemukan solusi metrik lain untuk lubang hitam di dimensi ekstra dalamkeadaan vakum dengan penambahan simetri pada suku spasial p dan suku angularD 􀀀 2. Solusi ini tereduksi kembali menjadi solusi metrik Schwarzschild padaD = 4 dan p = 0. Dengan menggunakan aksi Einstein-Maxwell, solusi metrikdapat ditemukan, namun event horizon belum dapat dianalisis. Selain solusi metriklubang hitam, telah ditemukan pula solusi kompaktifikasi dimensi ekstra denganmodel Mp+D ! dSp+2  SD􀀀2 dan AdS6 ! dS3  S3 apabila kita menetapkanD = 5 dan p = 1.

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ABSTRACTWe found another higher dimensional blackhole solution of the vacuum withboost symmetry in D + p dimensional. The solution approaches Schwarzschildsolution if we set D = 4 and p = 0. For higher dimensional Einstein-Maxwellsolution, we found the solution but the existence of event horizon has not beeninvestigated . Another compactification solution of higher dimensional are foundwith Mp+D ! dSp+2  SD􀀀2 and AdS6 ! dS3  S3 model if we set D = 4 andp = 1.;"

"Statistical mechanics with maxwell-boltmann distribution approach has been applied to restore magnitude image of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using Metropolis Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MHMCMC) algorithm...."

"Dalam disertasi ini telah dilakukan penelitian tentang keterlibatan volume pada harga penutupan dihari transaksi. Hal ini dilakukan dalam upaya untuk mendapatkan indikator harga saham yang lebih baik. Hukum distribusi dan probabilitas statistik Maxwel-Boltzmann digunakan untuk menganalisis harga saham beserta perubahan persentasi harga pada pasar modal Bursa Efek Indonesia. Besaran volume dan harga digunakan sebagai variabelvariabelnya. Banyak trader tidak menghiraukan akan nilai besaran volume ini, namun sebenarnya disanalah banyak terkandung sejumlah informasi penting. Oleh karena analisis ini dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi harga dinamik saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia, baik dalam keadaan harga saham bulish atau bearish, naik maupun turun, juga persentasi perubahan harganya, maka diperoleh 1. Bahwa perbandingan antara indikator Statistik MaxwellBoltzmann terhadap indikator Stokastik Osilator George Lane dan lain-lainnya, diperoleh Maxwell-Boltzmann 69 benar, Stockastic Ocscillator 40.55 benar, 10 Simple dan 10 Exponential Moving Average 10 SMA- 10 EMA 43.55 yang benar, Relative Strengt Indexs RSI 46,67 , R William 45 benar, MACD 40,33 dan OBV 41,44 . 2. Pada sisi lain, dengan menggunakan rumus probabilitas Maxwell-Boltzmann, untuk memperkirakan perubahan harga, diperoleh minimum perubahan harga 0 to 3.59 persen deviasi minimum , and deviasi maksimumnya berada diantara 0 to 4,67 persen.

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In this disertaion, we rsquo;ve investigated the involvement of closing volumes on closing prices as additional variables in order to achieve the better trend lines indicator. The MaxwellBoltzmann distribution physical statistic law and its probabilistic formula were utilized to analyze the dynamic trend lines and deviation percentage of price changes, where prices and volumes were used as variables indeed. Many traders ignore volumes; however, there is a huge number of information in it, particularly in volume of closing prices. This Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law could be manipulated to predict shares dynamic trend lines in Indonesian Stock Exchange Idx market. Since these analysis could be utilized to predict the dynamic trend lines on bullish or bearish market, and percentage of price changes, than; 1. We are going to have the comparison of the dynamic trend line changes uptrend or down trend by utilizing MaxwellBoltzmann distribution law, and compare them to the George Lane stochastic oscillator formula. The result of the comparison percentage was Maxwell-Boltzmann for 69 right, Stochastic Oscillator 40.55 , 10 Simple and 10 Exponential Moving Average 10 SMA- 10 EMA for 43.55 , Relative Strength Index rsquo;s RSI 46,67 , R William for 45 right, MACD 40.33 right and OBV 41.44 2. On the other hand, the development of the MB probability formula, in term for predicting percentage of price changes, data rsquo;s given that minimum price changes around 0 to 3.59 percent minimum deviation , and maximum deviation around 0 to 4,67 percent in Indonesian Stock Exchanges Idx market."

"Telah dilakukan eksperimen untuk mengukur pengaruh konsentrasi dua larutan biner terhadap nilai tetapan verdet pada panjang gelombang 632,8 nm (laser He-ne) dan pada suhu kamar menggunakan metode rotasi Faraday. Dalam metode ini, intensitas cahaya terpolarisasi linear diukur setelah melewati bahan dalam pengaruh medan magnet dan sebuah analisator. Dua larutan biner CH3OH-H20 dan NaOH-H20 digunakan sebagai sampel. Tetapan verdet yang diperoleh bukan merupakan fungsi linear konsentrasi dan keduanya mempunyai nilai tetapan verdet positif. Nilai tetapan verdet masing-masing penyusun larutan secara individu tidak berubah dan tidak saling mempengaruhi (tidak bersifat aditif). Perubahan nilai tetapan Verdet terhadap konsentrasi terjadi karena perubahan kerapatan penyusun larutan "