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"Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi di pulau jawa dengan aktivitas tektonik yang paling banyak. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pengaruh pergeseran lempeng Indo-Australia ke utara dan bertabrakan dengan lempeng Eurasia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan peta kerentanan seismik di wilayah Jawa Timur berdasarkan nilai 𝒂 dan nilai 𝒃 serta nilai persentase tingkat resiko gempa bumi dan periode ulang di wilayah Jawa Timur sebagai upaya pengurangan resiko bencana gempa bumi berdasarkan prinsip hukum Gutenberg-Richter. Hasil didapatkan dengan mengamati grafik hubungan frekuensi kejadian gempa dan kekuatan gempa. Metode yang digunakan daam penelitian ini adalah maximum likelihood. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa wilayah Jawa Timur memiliki nilai a sebesar 12-28 dan nilai b sebesar 2-4,5 dengan bagian barat wilayah Jawa Timur berpotensi terjadi lebih bnayak gempa dibandingkan dengan bagian timur provinsi Jawa Timur. Nilai a dan b juga menunjukkan adanya korelasi dengan keberadaan sesar di Jawa Timur. Hasil perhitungan periode ulang dan probabilitas terjadinya gempa didapatkan periode ulang gempa M≥4 adalah 2 tahun 8 bulan dengan probabilitas terjadinya adalah P(20)=99%; P(40)=100%; P(60)=100%. Serta periode ulang gempa yang berpotensi merusak yaitu M≥5,8 adalah 83 tahun dan 2 bulan dengan probabilitas kejadiannya adalah P(20)=21%; P(40)=38%; P(60)=751%.

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East Java is one of the provinces on the island of Java with the most tectonic activity. This is caused by the influence of the Indo-Australian plate shifting north and colliding with the Eurasian plate. This research aims to obtain a seismic vulnerability map in the East Java region based on the a and b values as well as the percentage value of the earthquake risk level and return period in the East Java region as an effort to reduce the risk of earthquake disasters based on the principles of the Gutenberg-Richter law. The results were obtained by observing the graph of the relationship between the frequency of earthquake events and the strength of the earthquake. The method used in this research is maximum likelihood. The research results state that the East Java region has an a value of 12-28 and a b value of 2-4.5 with the western part of the East Java region having the potential to experience more earthquakes compared to the eastern part of the East Java province. The values a and b also show a correlation with the presence of faults in East Java. The results of calculating the return period and probability of an earthquake occurring show that the return period for an M≥4 earthquake is 2 years 8 months with the probability of occurrence being P(20)=99%; P(40)=100%; P(60)=100%. And the return period for a potentially damaging earthquake, namely M≥5.8, is 83 years and 2 months with the probability of occurrence being P(20)=21%; P(40)=38%; P(60)=751%."

"Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease associated with genetic and environmental factors. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility to common diseases such as diabetes and periodontitis. Although the oral cavity is exposed to various organisms, the conditions are well controlled by innate and acquired immune systems. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in the innate immune system; however, the association of AMP-SNPs with periodontitis has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the relationship between AMP-SNPs and periodontitis in Japanese. One hundred and five Japanese subjects were recruited, which included patients with aggressive, severe, moderate and mild periodontitis, and age-matched healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and genotypes of SNPs of β-defensin-1 and lactoferrin genes (DEFB1: rs1799946, rs1800972 and rs11362; and LTF: rs1126478) were investigated using the PCR-Invader assay. Protein level of AMPs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was quantified by ELISA. Case–control studies revealed that the −44 CC genotype of DEFB1 (rs1800972) was associated with periodontitis (OR 2.51), particularly with severe chronic periodontitis (OR 4.15) and with combined severe and moderate chronic periodontitis (OR 4.04). No statistical differences were found in other genotypes. The β-defensin-1 concentrations in GCF were significantly lower in subjects with the −44 CC genotype of DEFB1 than in those without this genotype. No significant differences between GCF concentrations of AMPs and other genotypes were detected. The −44 CC genotype of the β-defensin-1 gene (DEFB1 rs1800972) may be associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in Japanese."