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"Several series of trawl surveys were carried out in the waters of Perhentian Islands using commercial trawlers.16S mithochondrial rRNA gene sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationship among nine morphospecies of leiognathids...."

"ABSTRACTThe importance of power electronics has significantly increased in the last few decades. Many applications such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems would not be possible without them. Power electronics is based primarily on the switching of power semiconductor devices. One of the most important power semiconductors used is silicon-controlled rectifier or thyristor. Its characteristics allows for control of electric power. However, thyristors operating in DC systems requires an additional circuit to turn off. This circuit is called an extinction circuit. This thesis used the software LTspice to simulate the circuit and analyze the waveforms produced by it and the software EAGLE to design the printed circuit broad. The developed ignition circuit produced a current of 27 mA on the gate of the thyristor which is controlled manually by a push button to turn on the thyristor. During the measurement of the extinction circuit, the supply voltage and load current were varied to see its effects on the circuit turn off time. The measurement results show that an increasing supply voltage cause the circuit turn off time to increase while increasing the load current resulted in a lower circuit turn off time.

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ABSTRAKPentingnya elektronika daya telah meningkat secara signifikan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Banyak aplikasi seperti kendaraan listrik dan sistem energi terbarukan tidak akan mungkin diporduksi tanpanya. Elektronika daya didasarkan pada penggunaan perangkat semikonduktor daya. Salah satu perangkat semikonduktor yang paling penting digunakan adalah Silicon Controlled Rectifier atau thyristor. Karakteristiknya memungkinkan untuk mengontrol tenaga listrik. Namun, thyristor yang beroperasi dalam sistem DC membutuhkan rangkaian tambahan untuk dimatikan. Rangkaian ini disebut extinction circuit. Skripsi ini menggunakan perangkat lunak LTspice untuk mensimulasikan rangkaian dan menganalisis bentuk gelombang yang dihasilkan olehnya dan perangkat lunak EAGLE untuk merancang PCB. Ignition circuit yang dikembangkan menghasilkan arus sebesar 27 mA di gate thyristor yang dikendalikan secara manual dengan menekan tombol untuk menyalakan thyristor. Selama pengukuran extinction circuit, tegangan suplai dan arus beban divariasikan untuk melihat efeknya pada circuit turn off time. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan tegangan suplai menyebabkan circuit turn off time untuk meningkat sedangkan meningkatkan arus beban mengakibatkan circuit turn off time yang lebih rendah."