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"The diversity, ecological role and biotechnological applications of marine fungi have been addressed in numerous scientific publications in the last few years. This book addresses this need. The latest information on topics including molecular taxonomy and phylogeny, ecology of fungi in different marine habitats such as deep sea, corals, dead- sea, fungi in extreme marine environments and their biotechnological applications is reviewed. "

"Kanker paru-paru merupakan salah satu jenis kanker yang paling banyak diderita, terutama di negara dengan jumlah perokok dan tingkat polusi yang tinggi seperti Indonesia. Dalam beberapa tahun belakangan, perkembangan obat kanker paru jenis karsinoma bukan sel kecil diarahkan pada pengobatan multitarget karena pada pengobatan target tunggal sering kali proliferasi sel tumor dapat diaktifkan kembali melalui jalur yang lain seperti angiogenesis. Eksplorasi senyawa bioaktif dari bahan laut, termasuk fungi laut, telah mendapat perhatian khusus akhir-akhir ini sebagai pengobatan antikanker. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan pangkalan data dan penapisan secara in silico untuk memperoleh senyawa aktif fungi laut yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor EGFR-TK dan VEGFR2 kinase, yang masing-masing berperan sebagai agen antiproliferatif dan antiangiogenesis, menggunakan AutoDock dan Vina. Berdasarkan hasil penapisan, didapatkan tiga senyawa aktif sebagai inhibitor EGFR-TK (FU0015, FU0051, dan FU0202), satu senyawa aktif sebagai inhibitor VEGFR-2 kinase (FU0033), serta 17 senyawa potensi inhibitor multitarget (FU0018, FU0019, FU0028, FU0034, FU0037, FU0038, FU0029, FU0043, FU0079, FU0105, FU0127, FU0155, FU0156, FU0158, FU0248, FU0254, FU0261). Seluruh senyawa aktif tersebut berasal dari filum Ascomycota sehingga diharapkan dapat dilakukan eksplorasi lebih lanjut fungi laut dari filum Ascomycota.

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Lung cancer is one of the most common type of cancer, especially in countries with high numbers of smokers and high levels of pollution such as Indonesia. In the past few years, drug development of non-small cell lung cancer has been directed to a multitarget treatment as oftentimes on a single-targeted treatment proliferation of tumor cells can be reactivated via other pathways such as angiogenesis. Exploration of bioactive compounds from marine materials, including marine fungi, for anticancer treatment has become a major concern lately. In this research, database was created and in silico screening was conducted to obtain potential marine fungi active compounds as EGFR-TK and VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor, for each act as antiproliferative and antiangiogenesis agents, by using AutoDock and Vina. Based on these screening results have been identified three active compounds as the inhibitor of EGFR-TK (FU0015, FU0051, and FU0202), one active compound as the inhibitor of VEGFR-2 kinase (FU0033), and 17 compounds that potentially become a multitarget inhibitor (FU0018, FU0019, FU0028, FU0034, FU0037, FU0038, FU0029, FU0043, FU0079, FU0105, FU0127, FU0155, FU0156, FU0158, FU0248, FU0254, FU0261). All of these active compounds are from Ascomycota phylum so that further marine fungi exploration can be conducted from Ascomycota phylum."

"Menurut International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, penderita kanker paru telah mencapai 1,8 juta jiwa dan 85 berkontribusi pada kanker paru jenis karsinoma bukan sel kecil. Dalam beberapa tahun belakangan, penelitian terhadap terapi tertarget sedang dikembangkan karena terbukti memiliki hasil terapi yang lebih efektif dan kemungkinan efek samping yang lebih sedikit. Perkembangan penelitian terhadap biota fungi laut belum banyak dieksplorasi dalam pengobatan kanker paru bukan sel kecil. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan simulasi dinamika molekuler pada senyawa biota fungi laut hasil penapisan virtual terhadap makromolekul EGFR FU0015, FU0051, dan FU0202 dan VEGFR-2 FU0033 untuk melihat aktivitas inhibisi sebagai agen antiproliferatif dan antiangiogenesis menggunakan AutoDock dan AMBER dalam suhu 300K dan 310K yang dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif EGFR Gefitinib, Erlotinib, and Imatinib dan VEGFR-2 Nikotinamid dan Vatalanib. Hasil simulasi dinamika molekuler terhadap inhibitor EGFR pada suhu 310K menunjukkan energi bebas MMGBSA dan okupansi ikatan hidrogen tertinggi dimiliki oleh FU0051 -43,72 kkal/mol; 98,80 diikuti oleh FU0202 -31.64 kkal/mol; 49,35, dan FU0015 -15,55 kkal/mol; 3,35. Fungi FU0033 sebagai bahan uji inhibitor VEGFR-2 pada suhu 310K memiliki nilai energi bebas MMGBSA yang lebih besar dibandingkan kontrol positifnya dan okupansi ikatan hidrogen yang rendah 0,15. Data penelitian menunjukkan senyawa FU0051 dan FU0202 memiliki potensi untuk menjadi calon agen antiproliferasi sehingga layak diuji in vitro.

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According to International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, the number of lung cancer patients has reached 1,8 million lives and 85 of the number contribute to non small cell lung cancer. In the past years, research on targeted therapy has been developed due to its efficacy and a small number of side effects. Research on marine fungi compounds has not been explored to non small cell lung cancer therapy. This research uses molecular dynamic simulation method to marine fungi compounds that have been docked to EGFR FU0015, FU0051, FU0202 and VEGFR 2 FU0033 as antiproliferative and antiangiogenetic agent by inhibition activity using AutoDock and AMBER at 300K and 310K temperature using EGFR Gefitinib, Erlotinib, and Imatinib and VEGFR 2 Nicotinamide and Vatalanib as reference standards. Molecular dynamics results for EGFR inhibitors at 310K shows the best MMGBSA free energy and hydrogen occupancy in FU0051 43,72 kcal mol 98,80 followed by FU0202 31.64 kcal mol 49,35 , and FU0015 15,55 kcal mol 3,35. FU0033 fungi as a material for VEGFR 2 inhibitor shows higher MMGBSA free energy in compare to its reference standards and low hydrogen occupancy 0,15 at 310K. This research shows that FU0051 and FU0202 have potential to be an antiproliferative agent candidate, hence in vitro test should be obtained."

"ABSTRACTGlomalean fungi are natural resources commonly found in different natural ecosystems and associated with different potential forest, agriculture, horticulture and pasture plant. Natural resource exploitation may lead to ecosystem destruction and may affect population status of these fungi. The objective of this study is to determine the diversity of glomalean fungi and their inoculum potential in five land-use types, i.e.: forest, agroforest, "sengon" (Paraserianthes) plantation, cassava plantation and "alang-alang" (lmperata) at Kecamatan Tebo Ulu, Kecamatan Rantau Pandan, Kecamatan Muara Bungo, and Kecamatan Tebo Tengah, Bungo Tebo District, Jambi Province. Fifteen soil samples were collected from the five land-use types at a depth of 0 - 5 cm (K1) and 5 - 15 cm (K2). The glomalean fungi spores were extracted and isolated using wet sieving-decanting technique (Gerdemann, 1971) followed by sucrose centrifugation technique (Setiadi et al., 1992)_ isolated spores were identified by using the Manual for identification of VA mycorrhizal fungi (Schenck & Perez, 1990), and diversity glomalean fungi in each land-use type was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener Index, while their inoculum potential was assessed using most probable number (MPN) following procedure of Felmann & ldczak (1994). Degree of inoculum potential of the five land-use types was analyzed using varian one-way classification (Sakai & Rohlf, 1992). The results show that glomalean fungi population at the five land-use types varied. Among the six genera in the world, four genera of glomalean fungi i.e. (Glomus, Sclerocystls, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora) were found at all land-use types. Glomus spp. were dominant at the five land-use types. Genus of Gigaspora was only found at cassava plantation. Compared with the other land use types, number of species and spores found in cassava (9 species of glomalean fungi with 323 spores/100 g of sample) and in "alang-alang° (11 species with 318 spores/100 g of sample) were the highest at the value of diversity index (1,44) and (1,23) respectively. Spores of glomalean fungi increase gradually from undisturbed forest to degraded "alang-alang". Results also indicate that the inoculum potential of the five land-use types are different. Compared to the other land-use types, inoculum potential of "sengon" (39,5 active propagule/cm3 soil) and cassava plantation (37,75 active propagulelcm3 soil) were the highest. The results also show that the value of inoculum potential is not always positively correlated with the abundance of spores. Further research to determine the relationship between glomalean fungi diversity with their inoculum potential and the soil productivity is recommended. This approach can be used as an alternative strategy to improve sustainable agriculture development using microbial processes. "