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"This completely updated fifth edition of Bacterial fish pathogens is a comprehensive discussion of the biological aspects of the bacteria which cause disease in farmed and wild fish. Since the 4th edition was published in 2007, there has been an upturn in the application of molecular approaches to taxonomy, diagnosis and vaccine development. New pathogens, e.g. Aeromonas schubertii, have been described. Also, there has been the emergence of diseases caused by bacteria which have not been cultured, and which have been equated with new taxa, i.e. ‘candidatus’. Consideration is given to all the bacterial fish pathogens, including primary pathogens and opportunists."

"Microbial protease and cellulase are in high demand by different industries due to their minimal cost and availability. This study was aimed to maximize the production of protease and cellulase using two bacteria, Corynebacterium alkanolyticum ATH3 and Bacillus licheniformis CBH7, isolated from fish gut. This study demonstrated the effect of different culture parameters in protease and cellulase production using two different bacterial strains. Results of this study clearly indicated the importance of different parameters such as moisture content, pH, incubation temperature, incubation period, inoculum size, carbon sources and nitrogen sources in enzyme production. The most critical parameters affecting the enzymes production were pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources. Further investigations are required to enhance the enzymes production using genetic engineering."

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Pemakaian antibiotik yang tidak tepat pada penyakit infeksi akan menyebabkan resistensi bakteri dan akan memperburuk kondisi pasien. Sejumlah faktor yang memengaruhi, pola bakteri penyebab dan penggunaan antibiotik dapat memengaruhi luaran perlu di nilai kembali. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil sensitivitas bakteri, penggunaan antibiotik dan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas infeksi anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kohort retrospektif serta studi deskriptif terhadap 254 pasien di RSCM pada Januari-Desember 2018. Riwayat medis, pola kuman, sensitivitas antibiotik dan penggunaan antibiotik didata serta faktor yang memengaruhi dianalisis menggunakan uji multivariat regresi logistik. Bakteri terbanyak adalah gram negatif 57,1% diikuti gram positif 42,8%. Hampir semua golongan bakteri sensitif dengan ampisilin sulbaktam (87,5-100%). Amoksiklav, tigesiklin dan vankomisin sensitif dengan bakteri gram positif (100%). Amikasin dan meropenem sensitif dengan bakteri gram negatif (80-100%). Faktor yang memengaruhi peningkatan mortalitas adalah usia > 5 tahun (OR 2,482; IK95% 1,139-5,408), penggunaan selang nasogastrik (OR 2,516; IK95% 1,083-5,847), antibiotik yang tidak sesuai (OR 2,159; IK95% 1,034-4,508), serta fokus infeksi pada aliran darah (OR 5,021; IK95% 2,411-10,459).

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Inappropriate use of antibiotics in infectious diseases will lead to anti-microbial resistance and disease's complication. Among several contributing factors to disease outcome, anti-microbial pattern and antibiotics use need to be re-evaluated. This study aims to determine anti-microbial sensitivity profile, antibiotics use and factors affecting mortality in pediatric infection cases. Retrospective cohort study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. There were 254 patients included for study analysis.  Data were obtained from medical records and electronic health records from January-December 2018. Patient’s medical history, anti-microbial pattern and sensitivity as well as antibiotic use were recorded and analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression test. The most common bacteria were gram negative bacteria (57.1%) followed by gram positive bacteria (42.8%). Majority of bacteria were sensitive with ampicillin sulbactam (87.5-100%). Antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tigecycline and vancomycin are sensitive to gram-positive bacteria (100%) while amikacin and meropenem are sensitive to gram-negative bacteria (80-100%). Factors  influencing  mortality were age > 5 years (OR 2.482; 95%CI 1.139-5,408), use of nasogastric tubes (OR 2.516; 95%CI 1.083-5.847), inappropriate antibiotics choice (OR 2.159; 95%CI 1.034-4.508), and presence of bloodstream infection (OR 5.021; 95%CI 2.411-10.459).

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"Fish in the Water bertutur tentang kisah intens yang menjungkirbalikkan imajinasi, dengan komposisi kuat untuk menunjukkan pertentangan antara ambisi dan ketakutan, kebebasan dan kendali, kebahagiaan dari cinta dan luka dari kehilangan, serta arti kehidupan, terkadang dengan tenang dan terkadang dengan fantastis. Penulis berharap pembaca bisa dengan bebas menemukan arti dari novel ini tanpa interpretasi yang tergesa-gesa.Silakan menyelami novel ini, tarik napas dalam-dalam, lalu ajukan pertanyaan dan berikan jawaban tentang hidup. Novel ini dipenuhi emosi yang terpatri halus dalam setiap kalimatnya, kesan jelas yang menenangkan hati dan menjernihkan pikiran, serta topik-topik filosofis yang membuat pembaca berpikir dengan saksama. Jika kalian adalah pembaca yang pernah menikmati dunia penulis melalui lirik-lirik lagunya yang singkat dan masih menginginkan lebih, semoga kalian menikmati dunia luas yang dibentangkannya dalam novel ini."

"Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex. Hensch. telah banyak digunakan pada pengobatan tradisional di China untuk mengobati batuk, laringitis, hepatitis, enteritis, hipertensi dan faringitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ekstrak, fraksi dan isolat E. dulcis yang aktif terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara bertingkat (heksana, etil asetat dan metanol) dengan menggunakan metode Ultrasonic Assissted Extraction (UAE). Aktivitas antibakteri diuji terhadap bakteri penyebab penyakin ikan diantaranya Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas Salmonicida dan Streptococcus agalactiae. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH. Ekstrak dan fraksi yang aktif di fraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom dan selanjutnya diuji aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri. Isolat yang aktif diidentifikasi dengan LCMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR dan HMBC. Hasil uji aktivitas ekstrak menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat memiliki aktivitas paling bagus untuk antioksidan dan antibakteri dilanjutkan dengan ekstrak heksana dan metanol. Fraksinasi ekstrak heksana menghasilkan 6 fraksi dan etil asetat 8 fraksi. Fraksi EA1 menghasilkan isolat yang diidentifikasi sebagai stigmasterol. Uji antioksidan isolat tidak menunjukkan aktivitas. Uji aktivitas antibakteri, isolat memiliki aktivitas bakterisida pada konsentrasi 62,5 ppm terhadap bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila, bakteri Aeromonas salmonicida pada konsentrasi 125 ppm dan bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae pada konsentrasi 31,25 ppm. Kontrol positif kloramfenikol pada konsentrasi 30 ppm juga menunjukkan tidak adanya pertumbuhan bakteri. Hasil pengujian antibakteri dan antioksidan tanaman E. dulcis terdapat senyawa aktif yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai antiobiotik untuk bakteri penyebab penyakit ikan. Ekstrak dan fraksi dari tanaman E. dulcis lebih baik dikembangkan sebagai agen antioksidan.

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Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. Ex. Hensch has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat coughs, laryngitis, hepatitis, enteritis, hypertension, and pharyngitis. This study aims to identify extracts, fractions, and isolates of E.dulcis, which are active in antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Extraction was carried out gradually with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. Antibacterial activity was tested against bacteria that cause fish disease, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas Salmonicida, and Streptococcus agalactiae. An antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method. The active extracts and fractions were fractionated by column chromatography and then tested for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. LCMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HMBC identified active isolates. The results of the extract activity test showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the best antioxidant and antibacterial activity, followed by the hexane and methanol extracts. Fractionation of hexane extract yielded six fractions and eight fractions for ethyl acetate. The EA1 fraction produced an isolate that was identified as stigmasterol. The isolate tested using the DPPH method shows that it does not have activity as an antioxidant. Antibacterial activity test, isolates had bactericidal activity at a concentration of 62.5 ppm against Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria, Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria at a concentration of 125 ppm, and Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria at a concentration of 31.25 ppm. The positive control, chloramphenicol, showed no bacterial growth at 30 ppm. The results of the antibacterial and antioxidant testing of the E.dulcis plant can be concluded that an active isolate can be further developed as an antibiotic for bacteria that cause fish disease. Extracts and fractions from E. dulcis plants are better developed as antioxidant agents."