Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Orangutans are arboreal, semi solitary, and frugivor primates. Theyspend the majority of their time consuming fruits. The percentage of fruitconsumption reaches 60–70 % of the total feeding time. The fluctuating fruitavailability in the nature significantly impacts the orangutan’s nutritionalintake. When fruits are available in low amounts, orangutans will use their fatstorage to produce energy. The final result of the fat metabolism is ketonebodies, which can be detected in the orangutan’s urine.Tuanan is a secondary forest that would be an interesting valuable sitefor comparative studies, to ensure whether a certain type of habitat impactsthe orangutan’s behavior and its necessity for food. The objectives of thisresearch were (1) to observe the orangutan’s daily activity, food proportion,as well as the presence of ketone bodies in the orangutan’s urine, and (2) toensure whether fruit availability affects those values.Data were collected from the following 12 orangutans (5 nonreproductivefemales, 1 reproductive female, 3 flanged males and 3unflanged males) using instantaneous focal animal sampling method. The proportion of time spent in feeding, resting, moving, nesting, and socialactivity were 61,20%, 27,08%, 10,30%, 1,24% and 0,18%, respectively.Significant difference was obtained only in moving activity. Social activity hassignificant correlation with fruit availability.From this research, food proportion consisted of fruits (50,94%),leaves (27,24%), vegetative (9,87%), flowers (5,42%), cambium (3,65%),insects (2,80%), and others (0,08%). There was different proportion in flowerintake based on gender and social class. Proportion of fruit consumption inorangutans was significantly correlated with fruit availability.From 116 orangutans' urine samples, ketone bodies were only found innon-reproductive females. The female had just given birth to her firstoffspring. There was no significant correlation between the presence ofketone bodies in orangutans with fruit availability."

"This article aims to unravel a shift of control / ownership of communal land of the Malays of Deliin North Sumatra. The commonly well-known communal lands, before the arrival of the Dutchcolonial, was still inherent with the authorities of villages and was evolutionarily taken over bythe foreign planters through concessionary contracts, which were dully signed by the Sultanateof Deli and the said foreign planters. The Indonesian independence in 1945 and the period thatwent beyond had in fact not contributed any improvement of the situation and instead it hadexacerbated social and legal relations between the Malays of Deli and their ancestral lands. Thesaid successful state laws had been so successful to keep these local natives away from their mostimportant resource of life, namely their very lands. “Deulayatisasi” through state laws that washeavily oriented to the interests of capitalization to have seemingly been so successful to curtailthe long journey of communal land rights in this country that seemed to have been pioneered byVan Vollenhoven during the early period of 20th century. The customary land law, in Indonesia, willsomeday become a kind of a beautiful story in the course of historiographical laws of Indonesia.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap tentang peralihan kepemilikan tanah adat Melayu Delidi Sumatera Barat. Sebelum kedatangan colonial Belanda, tanah adat melekat dengan aparatdesa dan secara perlahan diambil alih oleh pekebun asing melalui perjanjian konsesi yangditandatangani antara Kesultanan Deli dengan pekebun asing. Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesiapada tahun 1945 dan masa setelahnya tidak berdampak pada perbaikan keadaan, dan sebaliknyamemperburuk hubungan social dan hukum antara Melayu Deli dan tanah leluhur mereka.Undang-undang nasional berhasil menjaga masyarakat adat jauh dari sumber daya hidup yangpaling penting, yaitu tanah.“Deulayatisasi” melalui Undang-undang nasional berorientasi beratpada kepentingan kapitalisasi tampaknya begitu berhasil untuk membatasi perjalanan panjangdari hak ulayat di Negara ini yang dipelopori oleh Van Vollenhoven pada awal abad ke-20. Hukumtanah adat di Indonesia pada suatu hari akan menjadi semacam cerita indah dalam perjalananhukum historiografis Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKOrangutan is the Asian representative of the great apes. Its present range is confined to dwindling areas on the islands of Sumatera (Pongo abelii) and Borneo (Pongo pygmaeus) (Rijksen & Meijaard, 1999). Orangutans are arboreal (Rijksen, 1978; Galdikas, 1978), frugivorous (MacKinnon, 1974) and live semi-solitary in fission- fusion societies (Delgado & van Schaik, 2000). Ketambe, one of the major orangutan sites, supports a population density of 3-5 ind/km2 . Ketambe Research Center, which is based in Gunung Leuser Ecosystem, was run since early 1970. There are at least six families of orangutans living in the research areal of 450 ha, including the offspring of the ex rehabilitation orangutans. Orangutans in this area have been studied since 1971, where many behavioral and ecological studies have been conducted.. One of the most important studies identified matrilines within Ketambe based on genetic analysis (Atmoko, 2000) Female orangutans in Ketambe tend to be philopatric which means that they remain in their natal or birth groups. This condition is the result of intense competition among individual orangutans over food patchs because they often form dominance relations when meeting in the same food patch. Dominan ranking of ex-rehabilitation orangutans, based on a liniear index of responses in the context of displacement at a food patch, tends to be lower than those of wild orangutans. Orangutans travel and forage to find food patches within their habitat. By using software GIS Arc View 3.3, Day Journey Length (DHL) adult females including ex-rehabilitation female orangutan ex-rehabilitant is known to be 37-2.106 meters with an average between 437-795 meter. The matrilinial relationship between individuals influence each other in foraging and competition to form home ranges, especially for females. Orangutans matrilines tend to have overlapping home ranges between 46,66% - 97,07%)."