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"Al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111) is one of the most influential thinkers of Islam. There is hardly a genre of Islamic literature where he is not regarded as a major authority. Islamic Law, Sufism, ethics, philosophy, and theology are all deeply shaped by him. Yet in the past thirty years, the field of Ghazali-studies has been shaken by the realization that Avicenna (Ibn Sina, d. 428/1037) and other philosophers had a strong influence on him. Now, after the 900th anniversary at his death, the field emerges stronger than ever. This second volume of Islam and Rationality: The Impact of al-Ghazali brings together twelve leading experts on al-Ghazali who write about his thought and the impact it had on later Muslim thinkers. "

"[Rule of Reason adalah suatu pendekatan untuk mengevaluasi akibat perjanjianatau kegiatan usaha tertentu guna menentukan apakah bersifat menghambat ataumendukung persaingan. Terkait dengan pembuktian kartel, kelebihan pendekatanini adalah menggunakan analisis ekonomi dalam membuktikan eksistensi dariperjanjian kartel antar pelaku usaha. Namun di sisi lain, penggunaan analisisekonomi (yang merupakan bukti tidak langsung) masih merupakan kontrovensi,tidak hanya karena sifatnya yang memiliki ambiguitas, namun karena metode-nyayang belum diatur secara tegas dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis metode yang digunakan oleh KPPU dalammembuktikan kartel dengan mengacu pada Peraturan KPPU mengenai PedomanPelaksanaan Pasal 11 UU No.5/99 sebagai acuan minimum bagi KPPU dalampembuktian kartel. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisa validitaspenggunaan analisa ekonomi berdasarkan hukum di Indonesia., Rule of reason is a legal approach by competition authorities or the courts wherean attempt is made to evaluate the pro-competitive features of a restrictivebusiness practices against its anti-competitive effects in order to decide whether ornot the practices should be prohibited. In term of cartel detection, one of manyadvantages of rule of reason approach is the use of an economic analysis to provethe existence of a gentlemen‟s agreement among the alleged cartel members.However, on the other hand, the use of economic analysis (which is an indirectevidence), still remains controversy, not only because its ambiguity, but also itsmethod has not yet clearly been regulated under Indonesian Law. This research isto analyze the method employed by Commission (KPPU) in proving alleged caseof cartels according to Commission Guidelines on Article 11 of Act No. 5 / 1999as minimum reference of the Commission in proving cartels. This research is alsoto examine the validity of economic analysis according to national law system.]"

"Rasionalisme dan empirisme merupakan dua aliran filsafat yang besar dalam periode filsafat Modern. Kedua aliran ini memiliki kecenderungan yang berbeda sekaligus bertentangan satu sama lain. Rasionalisme mengutamakan pengetahuan a priori ementara empirisme mengutamakan pengetahuan a posteriori. Di dalam filsafat Kant (_kritisisme_) ditemukan corak yang berbeda dari dua aliran itu. Dalam kritisisme Kant pengetahuan dijelaskan sebagai sintesis antara unsur a priori dan a posteriori. Dengan pemikiran Kant itu penulis dalam skripsi ini menyelenggarakan sintesis antara rasionalisme dan mpirisme yang mana notabene kedua aliran tersebut saling bertentangan.

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Rationalism and empiricism are two huge philosophies in the Modern age. Those twoschools of thought either have different dispositions and contraries each other. Rationalism raises the a priori knowledge meanwhile empiricism raise the a posteriori knowledge. In Kant_s philosophy (_criticism_) was found different pattern than those two schools of thought. In Kant_s criticism knowledge was explained as a synthesis between the a priori and a posteriori elements. With those of Kant_s thought, the author in this thesis organizing synthesis between rationalism and empiricism in which those two school of thought are basically in contradiction each other. Key words: A posteriori, a priori, empiricism, epistemology, criticism, rationalism, sensibility, understanding, Vernunft."