Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji keberadaan kota-kota pesisir berdasarkan teori strukturalisme guna memahami urgensinya terhadap kajian sejarah maritim di Nusantara. Nusantara memiliki bentang lautan yang luas sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi antarindividu dalam berbagai aktivitas maritim, yaitu pelayaran dan perdagangan. Di sisi lain, keberadaan kotakota pesisir tersebut juga memberikan konsekuensi dengan hadirnya orang-orang asing ke Nusantara, yang pada gilirannya turut memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap kondisi kemaritiman, terutama dalam hal pembentukan struktur kota pesisir dan beberapa elemen pendukung lainnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, yang terdiri atas tahap heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Berangkat dari semua itu, artikel ini membahas tiga gagasan strukturalisme Fernand Braundel yang meliputi longue durée (periodisasi), conjoncture (kondisi ekonomi), dan evenementiel (keberlangsungan), serta kaitannya dengan kajian sejarah maritim di Nusantara.

---

This article aims to review the existence of coastal cities based on structuralism theory to understand the urgency of studying maritime history in the archipelago. The archipelago has a vast ocean expanse that allows interaction between individuals in maritime activities, namely shipping, and trade. On the other hand, it also had consequences; the arrival of foreigners to the archipelago significantly impacted maritime conditions, especially in forming coastal city structures and several other supporting elements. The study used the historical method. The stages were heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Of all these things, this article discusses three structuralism ideas by Fernand Braundel and their relations to studying maritime history in the archipelago, including longue durée, conjoncture, and evenementiel."

"Strukturalisme merupakan salah satu perspektif dalam kajian ekonomi politik internasional yang memiliki kontribusi serta pengaruh yang masif dalam wacana pembangunan dan hubungan internasional. Sayangnya, hingga kini pembahasan dari perspektif strukturalisme masih bersifat sporadis dan terpisah-pisah, upaya akademisi untuk memberikan sintesis terhadapnya sudah ada namun tidak menyeluruh. Melalui tinjauan pustaka ini, penulis berupaya untuk mengisi kekosongan ini dengan mengkaji, menganalisis, dan mensintesiskan 64 literatur-literatur strukturalisme dalam ekonomi politik internasional. Lebih lanjut tulisan-tulisan tersebut penulis klasifikasikan ke dalam tiga bahasan tematik yaitu: (1) pemahaman terhadap strukturalisme yang membahas soal definisi, argumen utama, serta sejarah keilmuan strukturalisme; (2) pembahasan terhadap teori-teori strukturalisme yaitu Teori Sistem Dunia dan Teori Dependensi; serta (3) strukturalisme dan topik pembahasan kajian ekonomi politik internasional yaitu isu rantai komoditas global, perdagangan internasional, bantuan luar negeri serta investasi asing langsung. Tinjauan pustaka ini menganalisis kesepakatan, debat, dan kesenjangan literatur dan berhasil menemukan beberapa sintesis kunci, yaitu: (1) strukturalisme merupakan salah satu paradigma dalam studi ekonomi politik internasional; (2) seiring waktu terdapat diversifikasi topik riset strukturalisme; (3) tulisan didominasi oleh akademisi Amerika Serikat, Eropa, dan Amerika Latin sementara fokus pembahasan didominasi oleh kajian terhadap Amerika Latin; (4) masih terdapat senjang dalam literatur strukturalisme khususnya literatur-literatur yang: berorientasi kebijakan, memperhitungkan struktur nonmateril, menggunakan perspektif pascakolonialisme, dan memberikan inovasi kajian.

---

Structuralism is one of the international political economy perspectives that has a massive contribution and influence in the discourse of development and international relations. Unfortunately, until now the available academic discussion about structuralism is still sporadic and fragmented, several efforts has been made to provide a synthesis of it yet it’s comprehensive nor holistic. Through this literature review, the author attempts to fill this academic gap by reviewing, analyzing, and synthesizing 64 structuralism literatures in international political economy. Furthermore, the authors classify these writings into three thematic topics, namely: (1) understanding of structuralism which discusses the definition, main arguments, and scientific history of structuralism; (2) discussion of structuralism theories, namely World System Theory and Dependency Theory; and (3) structuralism and international political economy issues, which discusses the issue of global commodity chains, international trade, foreign aid and foreign direct investment. This literature review and analyzes the agreement, debate, and gaps in the literature and finds several key syntheses, namely: (1) structuralism is one of the paradigms in the study of international relations; (2) over time there has been a diversification of structuralism research topics; (3) structuralist writings are dominated by academics from the United States, Europe, and Latin America while the focus of the discussion is dominated by studies on Latin America; (4) there are still gaps in the structuralism literature, especially the literature that: more policy-oriented, takes into account non-material structures, uses a post-colonial perspective, and provides research innovations."

"Contents:1. Asal-usul dalam comte, durkheim & mauss.2. Budaya sebagai bahasa.3. Levi-strauss dan karl marx4. Debat dengan jean-paul sartre.5. Levi strauss dan sigmund freud."

"Budaya bersyair merupakan tradisi bangsa Arab yang digunakan sebagai salah satu media untuk menyampaikan pesan metaforik dari penyair kepada masyarakat luas. Pesan moral merupakan bagian penting di dalamnya yang dapat menggambarkan pandangan hidup penulis mengenai reaksinya terhadap nilai-nilai kebenaran bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas pesan moral yang terkandung dalam puisi Ghaslan li al-‘Ar karya Nazik AlMalaika, yaitu salah satu penyair perempuan Arab modern asal Irak yang hidup di awal abad ke-20 sampai awal abad ke-21 yang terkenal sebagai tokoh pembaharu pertama dalam genre puisi Arab bebas (Asy-Syi’r Al-Hurr). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi pustaka dan teori strukturalisme dalam menganalisis. Berdasarkan hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini terdapat unsur strukturalisme, yaitu ide, perasaan, imajinasi, gaya bahasa, irama dan rima serta keterkaitan antar unsur tersebut. Selain itu, ditemukan juga pesan moral yang terdapat di dalam puisi, yaitu memelihara kehormatan diri dan kesetaraan atau keadilan.

---

Poetry culture is an Arab tradition that is used as a medium to convey metaphoric messages from the poets to people. Moral message is an important part in poetry that can describe the poet’s view regarding their reaction to values for society. This research aims to analyze the moral message of the poem Ghaslan li al-‘Ar by Nazik Al-Malaika, one of the modern Arab women poets from Iraq who lived in the early 20th century until early 21th century that was known as the first reformer in the free Arabic poetry genre (Asy-Syi’r Al-Hurr). The method used in this research is literature study and the theory of structuralism in analyzing. The results of this study indicate that there are elements of structuralism, such as ideas, feelings, imagination, style of language, rhythm and rhyme, and the interrelationships between those elements. Moreover, there is also a moral message in the poetry, such as maintaining selfrespect and equality or justice."

"The question of genre in beinvenido N. Santos's You Lovely People can be answered by an extensive discussion of voice, using theoretical tools made available during the late 20 th century from structuralism, Russian formalism, dialogics, stylistycs and postcolonial theory...."

"Traditional dwellings have undergone constant change in recent decades as a result of modernization. Though the change is physically visible, a theoretically indiscernible tradition is maintained as a way of sustaining social and cultural systems. A hypothetical assumption asserts that a symbolic cultural value, a ‘traditional core,’ exists as a sustainable system that functions within a modernized structure. This study begins by identifying the traditional core in question and proceeds to investigate its power over contemporary, modernized forms of dwelling. The study’s approach takes on the basic theory of physical change and the key ideas of structuralism. The main findings concern these two interrelated aspects, which are the result of a sustainable system, namely the hybrid dwelling, and the authoritative power that social and cultural systems have over house form."

"Structural realism has rapidly gained in popularity in recent years, but it has splintered into many distinct denominations, often underpinned by diverse motivations. There is, no monolithic position known as ?structural realism,? but there is a general convergence on the idea that a central role is to be played by relational aspects over object-based aspects of ontology. What becomes of causality in a world without fundamental objects? In this book, the foremost authorities on structural realism attempt to answer this and related questions, ?what is structure?? and ?what is an object?? Also featured are the most recent advances in structural realism, including the intersection of mathematical structuralism and structural realism, and the latest treatments of laws and modality in the context of structural realism. "