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"In this study, we explore the evolution of a corporate system by analyzing the case of production and employment structures in the Toyota Group. Our findings show that the production structure of the Toyota Group, which has been gradually affected by external, market, and institutional factors since the 1980s, transformed in 2009 from a domestic-oriented production structure to an overseas-oriented production structure. We also determined that since 2004, the domestic employment structure of the Toyota Motor Corporation has evolved to allow the flexible management of worker supply and demand through the hiring of nonregular workers, in response to the amendment to the Worker Dispatching Act. Consequently, the Toyota Group's production and employment structures have evolved to help secure channels that help the company flexibly adjust its output in response to abrupt economic fluctuations."

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"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai dampak penerapan sistem hybrid push/pull pada perusahaan produsen komponen otomotif yang menggunakan sistem produksi push pada proses produksinya. Hasil dari penelitian banyak ahli menunjukan bahwa dengan penetapan sistem produksi hybrid perusahaan bisa mendapatkan keuntungan dari dua tipe produksi yaitu sistem produksi push dan juga pull, serta dapat mengurangi kelemahan dari masing-masing sistem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan manfaat terhadap perbaikan sistem produksi dan menjadi pertimbangan terhadap perusahaan dalam optimalisasi terhadap proses produksinya. Perusahaan yang dijadikan objek penelitian adalah PT. Moreen JBBK, produsen komponen otomotif yang berlokasi di Jababeka, Cikarang, Jawa Barat. Analisis sistem produksi dan juga penerapan sistem produksi hybrid push/pull pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan metode simulasi discrete event dengan menggunakan software simulasi Arena.

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This study discusses about the impact of applying hybrid push pull production system to automotive component manufacturer which uses push production system in its production process. Many experts have conducted research on the hybrid push pull production system. The results of the study indicate that with the establishment of hybrid production system the company can take the benefit from two types of production push and pull, and can reduce the weaknesses of each system. The push system has a weakness in its high inventory levels, while the pull system has a weakness in long lead time production. The purpose of this study is to provide benefits to the improvement of production systems and into consideration of the company in the optimization of the production process. The company that used as research object is PT. Moreen JBBK, a company that produces automotive components located in Jababeka, Cikarang, West Java. Analysis of production system and also implementation of hybrid push pull production system in this research will be conduct by discrete event simulation method using Arena simulation software."