Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"First book to deal with this important area of adverse drug reactions, cardiotoxicity is one of the major forms of toxicity seen in drugs and it accounts for most drug recalls and delays experienced in regulatory approvals. Covers four important therapeutic classes: psychoactive drugs; anticancer drugs; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; and anti-retroviral drugs. Emphasis on the preclinical screening of drug cardiotoxicity, to enable drug developers to test for this toxicity before starting expensive clinical trials."

""First book to deal with this important area of adverse drug reactions -- cardiotoxicity is one of the major forms of toxicity seen in drugs and it accounts for most drug recalls and delays experienced in regulatory approvals. Covers four important therapeutic classes: psychoactive drugs; anticancer drugs; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; and anti-retroviral drugs. - Emphasis on the preclinical screening of drug cardiotoxicity, to enable drug developers to test for this toxicity before starting expensive clinical trials"--Provided by publisher."

"This book surveys what is visible on the sun, before describing how to record solar features and measure solar activity levels. There is also an account of how to use H-alpha and Calcium-K filters to observe and record prominences and other features of the solar chromosphere, the Sun's inner atmosphere. The second edition includes an update of Chapter 2 to reflect advances in solar observing equipment since 2002, and a section on building a solar projection box, originally included in the main body of this chapter has been moved to Appendix A. Also Chapter 6 thru 8 have been completely revised to give amateur astronomers advice on how to use film to photograph the Sun, and how to use digital cameras. This new edition also includes more than twice as many illustrations as the first and almost half of them new images."

"Apoteker adalah profesi yang memberikan pelayanan farmasi klinik dengan berorientasi pada pasien, bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil terapi obat dan mengurangi risiko efek samping. Dalam praktiknya, apoteker sebagai decision maker pada konsep 10-star pharmacist, diharapkan untuk mengambil keputusan yang baik, dimana hal tersebut dapat dicapai dengan pendekatan pengobatan berbasis bukti atau evidence-based medicine (EBM). Penggunaan bukti yang dapat diandalkan sangat penting dalam membuat keputusan terhadap terapi untuk pasien. Contohnya adalah pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular di Indonesia yang semakin berkembang, sedangkan tiap pasien memiliki kondisi unik yang mungkin memerlukan penanganan yang berbeda-beda. Keputusan penggunaan obat selalu mempertimbangkan kemanan dan khasiat, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien dengan risiko yang minimal. Dalam laporan ini, jurnal tentang efek obat kardiovaskular oleh Ma et al., (2021) ditelaah secara kritis berdasarkan EBM, dan jurnal oleh Adesuyan et al., (2022) dirangkum. Telaah kritis jurnal tentang efek obat kardiovaskular yang mengacu pada appraisal tools oleh Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Hasil dari telaah kritis jurnal oleh Ma et al., (2021) menegaskan keandalan data studi, namun diperlukan penelusuran lebih lanjut untuk memastikan keamanan penggunaan 4-5 obat kombinasi untuk mengatasi stroke iskemik dan serangan iskemik transien pada populasi Indonesia. Ringkasan tinjauan sistematis dari Adesuyan et al., (2022) menunjukkan bahwa obat antihipertensi golongan angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) dapat secara signifikan mengurangi risiko Alzheimer's disease, dengan analisis sensitivitas dan heterogenitas yang tinggi sebagai penegasnya.

---

A pharmacist is a profession who provides patient-oriented clinical pharmacy services, aiming to improve the results of drug therapy and reduce the risk of side effects. In practice, pharmacists as decision-makers in the 10-star pharmacist concept, are expected to make good decisions, which can be achieved through an evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach. The use of reliable evidence is essential in making therapeutic decisions for patients. For example, with the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Indonesia, each patient may have unique conditions that require individualized treatment. Decisions regarding drug use always consider safety and efficacy to enhance the patient's quality of life with minimal risk. In this report, a journal about the effects of cardiovascular drugs by Ma et al., (2021) is critically appraised based on EBM, and a journal by Adesuyan et al., (2022) is summarized. Critical appraisal of journal on the effects of cardiovascular drugs referring to appraisal tools by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). The results of a critical appraisal of the journal by Ma et al., (2021) confirm the reliability of the study data, but further investigation is needed to ensure the safety of using 4-5 combination drugs to treat ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks in Indonesian population. The systematic review journal summary from Adesuyan et al., (2022) shows that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) antihypertensive drugs can significantly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, with high sensitivity and heterogeneity analysis as confirmation."

"Using common drugs without proper knowledge can be dangerous, as herbs and vitamins contain ingredients that may interact with common drugs. Also, questions such as “Can medicines be shared among family members?”, “Can antibiotics be kept for the next infection?”, “What is the best time to take medicine?”, “What is actually meant by ‘before’ and ‘after’ food?”, “Can drugs be taken with herbal medications?”, “Can tablets be taken with hot water or coffee?”, “What is the maximum dose of paracetamol per day?” and “Will paracetamol interact with durian or alcohol?” may seem trivial but are important. Written in an easily understood Q&A format, TIPS ON USING COMMON MEDICINES SAFELY provides information on how to maximise the use of common medicines while minimising the impact of their side effects. It also gives concise information on how to avoid harmful interactions with other drugs, food, herbs and vitamins."

"Penyakit kardiovaskular adalah salah satu penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan secara global, dimana diperkirakan 17,9 juta orang meninggal akibat penyakit kardiovaskular pada tahun 2019, mewakili 32% dari semua kematian global. Penyakit kronis lainnya yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi di dunia adalah diabetes, dimana sekitar 1,5 juta kematian secara langsung dikaitkan dengan diabetes setiap tahunnya. Kedua penyakit tersebut dapat saling berkaitan, karena seiring berjalannya waktu, gula darah tinggi dapat merusak pembuluh darah dan saraf yang mengendalikan jantung. Penderita diabetes juga lebih cenderung memiliki kondisi lain yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular, seperti tekanan darah tinggi dapat dapat merusak dinding arteri, maka diperlukan kajian terapi farmakologis yang dilakukan oleh apoteker untuk penyakit tersebut dalam peresepannya, untuk memastikan bahwa pasien mendapatkan terapi yang sesuai, tepat dosis, waktu, dan indikasinya untuk mengurangi terjadinya perburukan gejala dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Laporan praktik kerja ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis terapi kardiovaskular oleh dokter berdasarkan resep yang masuk di Apotek Roxy Ciledug serta pengaruh obat – obatan kardiovaskular terhadap penyakit diabetes, mengkaji resep serta tatalaksana dan obat pilihan yang digunakan untuk pasien kardiovaskular, serta memahami pengaruh obat kardiovaskular terhadap penyakit diabetes. Pada resep yang disampling, terdapat delapan obat yang diresepkan dan terdapat resiko interaksi obat antara empagliflozin dan obat diuretik (furosemid, spironolakton, dan hidroklorotiazid), serta interaksi antar sesama obat diuretik, dan diketahui bahwa pengaruh obat diabetes dengan obat kardiovaskular dapat bersifat kardioprotektif

---

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally, with an estimated 17.9 million people dying from cardiovascular disease in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Another chronic disease that has a high prevalence in the world is diabetes, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths directly attributed each year. The two diseases can be linked, as over time, high blood sugar can damage the blood vessels and nerves that control the heart. People with diabetes are also more likely to have other conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure which can damage the artery walls, hence the need for pharmacological therapy review by pharmacists for these diseases in their prescribing, to ensure that patients get the appropriate therapy. This work practice report aims to analyze cardiovascular therapy by doctors based on incoming prescriptions at Roxy Ciledug Pharmacy and the effect of cardiovascular drugs on diabetes, review prescriptions and management and selected drugs used for cardiovascular patients, and understand the effect of cardiovascular drugs on diabetes. In the sampled prescriptions, eight drugs were prescribed and there was a risk of drug interactions between empagliflozin and diuretic drugs (furosemide, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide), as well as interactions between diuretic drugs, and it was found that the effect of diabetes drugs with cardiovascular drugs could be cardioprotective."

"Meningkatnya kejadian interaksi obat pada pola peresepan dapat disebabkan banyaknya obat yang sering digunakan / polifarmasi. Polifarmasi dapat menimbulkan risiko yaitu terjadinya interaksi obat. Interaksi obat dapat menyebabkan beberapa hal seperti penurunan efek terapi, peningkatan toksisitas atau efek farmakologis yang tidak diharapkan. Pengumpulan data didasarkan pada resep rawat jalan dengan skrining 50 resep polifarmasi yang kemudian dipilih resep polifarmasi pada pasien dengan diagnosa penyakit kardiovaskuler. Resep polifarmasi tersebut diidentifikasi melalui studi pustaka menggunakan pustaka drug interaction checker seperti Stockley’s Drug Interaction, Lexicomp Drug Interactions, Medscape, dan Drugs.com. Peresepan polifarmasi dari 3 resep menunjukkan pada R1 potensi interaksi obat pada kategori minor, pada R2 potensi interaksi obat yaitu kategori mayor dan R3 potensi interaksi obat yaitu kategori minor sebanyak 1 dan kategori moderate sebanyak 4, dengan setiap resep memiliki beberapa efek samping yang perlu diperhatikan. Langkah untuk meminimalkan interaksi obat dan efek samping yang mungkin terjadi yaitu dengan menghindari penggunaan obat secara bersamaan yang memiliki potensi menimbulkan interaksi, memberikan jeda penggunaan obat 2 jam, serta melakukan monitoring gejala klinis atau data laboratorium pasien terkait efek dari penggunaan obat.

---

The increasing incidence of drug interactions in prescribing patterns can be caused by the large number of drugs frequently used / polypharmacy. Polypharmacy can pose a risk, namely drug interactions. Drug interactions can cause several things such as decreased therapeutic effect, increased toxicity or unexpected pharmacological effects. Data collection was based on outpatient prescriptions by screening 50 polypharmacy prescriptions which then selected polypharmacy prescriptions in patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. These polypharmacy prescriptions were identified through literature studies using drug interaction checker libraries such as Stockley's Drug Interaction, Lexicomp Drug Interactions, Medscape, and Drugs.com. Prescribing polypharmacy from 3 prescriptions shows that in R1 the potential for drug interactions is in the minor category, in R2 the potential for drug interactions is in the major category and in R3 the potential for drug interactions is in the minor category of 1 and the moderate category is 4, with each prescription having several side effects that need to be taken into account. Steps to minimize drug interactions and side effects that may occur are by avoiding simultaneous use of drugs that have the potential to cause interactions, giving a 2 hour break from drug use, and monitoring the patient's clinical symptoms or laboratory data regarding the effects of drug use."