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"Salah satu masalah yang dialami masyarakat perkotaan terkait aspek kesehatan yaitu gizi kurang pada balita. Keperawatan kesehatan masyarakat perkotaan adalah sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan di bidang upaya kesehatan masyarakat termasuk asuhan keperawatan keluarga dengan balita gizi kurang. Intervensi unggulan yang diberikan kepada keluarga untuk mengatasi masalah yaitu dengan melatih psikomotor menyusun menu makanan dengan gizi seimbang dan jadwal makan pada balita. Tujuannya yaitu untuk meningkatkan status gizi balita yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan berat badan. Intervensi deiberikan ada keluarga selama 8 kali pertemuan di Kelurahan Curug, Cimanggis, Depok. Setelah diterapkan penyusunan menu makanan gizi seimbang dan jadwal makan, terjadi peningkatan berat badan balita sebesar 0,2 ons.

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One of the problems experienced by the urban community related to health aspects is less nutrition in toddlers. Nursing urban health is as nursing care providers in the field of public health efforts including nursing care families with under fives malnutrition. Superior interventions given to the family to overcome the problem that is by training psychomotor preparing a diet with a balanced nutrition and feeding schedule in toddlers. The goal is to improve the nutritional status of children under five with marked increase in weight. Intervention is given to families for 8 meetings in Curug, Cimanggis, Depok. Once applied the preparation of a balanced diet nutrition menu and meal schedule, there was an increase in child weight by 0.2 ounces."

"Masalah nutrisi merupakan salah satu gejala yang terjadi pada anak dan remaja dengan kanker dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup anak. Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah memberikan gambaran pemenuhan kebutuhan kenyamanan, untuk mengatasi masalah nutrisi pada anak dengan kanker melalui manajemen nutrisi dengan pendekatan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba. Terdapat lima kasus keganasan pada anak dengan usia 6-16 tahun yang diberikan asuhan keperawatan menggunakan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba. Melalui penerapan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba, perawat dapat mengkaji secara holistik pada empat aspek (fisik, psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan) serta dapat mengidentifikasi tipe kenyamanan yang dirasakan anak. Kebutuhan kenyamanan dalam masalah nutrisi pada anak dengan kanker dapat dipenuhi melalui intervensi manajemen nutrisi. Manajemen nutrisi terbukti menjadi salah satu intervensi yang efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan orangtua dan mengarahkan orangtua dalam perubahan sikap yang lebih baik dalam pemberian nutrisi pada anak dengan kanker. Perawat diharapkan dapat memfasilitasi kebutuhan kenyamanan pada anak dengan kanker melalui pendekatan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dan menerapkan manajemen nutrisi sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan untuk mengatasi masalah nutrisi pada anak dengan kanker.

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Nutritional problems are one of the symptoms pediatric and adolescents cancer and can affect the quality of life of children with cancer. The purpose of this paper was to describe the comfort needs fullfilment and to overcome nutritional problems in children with cancer through nutritional management using Kolcaba s Comfort nursing theory approach. There were five cases of malignancy in children aged 6-16 years who were given nursing care using the Kolcaba s Comfort Theory. Through the application of the Kolcaba Comfort Theory, nurses able to assess holistically four aspects (physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental) and able to identify the type of comfort experienced by the child. Comfort needs in nutritional problems in children with cancer can be fulfilled through nutrition management interventions. Nutritional management has proven to be one of the effective interventions on increasing parental knowledge and directing parents in changing for better attitudes on providing nutrition to children with cancer. Nurses are expected to facilitate the comfort needs of children with cancer through the Kolcaba s Comfort Theory approach and apply nutrition management as one of the nursing interventions to address the nutritional problems in children with cancer."

"Wellness nutrition -- Personal and community nutrition -- Digestion, absorption, and metabolism -- Carbohydrates -- Fats -- Protein -- Vitamins -- Water and minerals -- Energy supply and fitness -- Management of body composition -- Life span health promotion : pregnancy, lactation, and infancy -- Life span health promotion : childhood and adolescence -- Life span health promotion : adulthood -- Nutrition in patient care -- Nutrition and metabolic stress -- Interactions: complementary and alternative medicine, dietary supplements, and medications -- Nutrition for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract -- Nutrition for disorders of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas -- Nutrition for diabetes mellitus -- Nutrition for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases -- Nutrition for diseases of the kidneys -- Nutrition in cancer, aids, and other special problems."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Kolestasis adalah penyumbatan atau terhambatnya aliran empedu dari hati ke duodenum, dibagi menjadi intra dan ekstrahepatik. Kolestatis ekstrahepatik terutama disebabkan oleh obstruksi. Pankreatikoduodenektomi merupakan terapi pembedahan pilihan, dapat menyebabkan perubahan anatomis dan fisiologis saluran cerna. Perubahan ini menimbulkan maldigesti dan malabsorpsi, menyebabkan malnutrisi, serta meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas bila tidak mendapat dukungan nutrisi.Presentasi kasus : Empat kasus kolestasis ekstrahepatik, dengan keluhan ikterus di seluruh badan, nyeri perut. Tiga kasus 1 orang laki-laki dan 2 orang perempuan , disebabkan keganasan dan 1 kasus karena striktura CBD jinak. Semua pasien menjalani pembedahan, dengan lama operasi berkisar antara 3 sampai 9 jam. Pemenuhan protein dan asam amino terutama asam amino rantai cabang, diupayakan maksimal, yang diperoleh dari kombinasi makanan cair polimerik dan putih telur. Lemak dibatasi maksimal 30 dari energi yang diberikan, dengan kandungan medium-chain triglycerides MCT tinggi. Pankreatikoduodenektomi menimbulkan perubahan pada organ saluran cerna, dengan gejala mual dan perut begah setelah makan, dapat diatasi dengan penyesuaian cara pemberian, jumlah dan bentuk nutrisi tiap kondisi pasien. Selama perawatan di RS, secara umum asupan makanan dan kondisi klinis pasien membaik, serta pulang dengan perbaikan kondisi klinis.Kesimpulan: Terapi medik gizi klinik pada pasien dengan kolestasis, dapat membantu terapi bedah dan medikamentosa untuk memperoleh outcome pasca bedah dan memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien. "

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"ABSTRACTBackground Cholestasis is a blockage or obstruction of the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum, divided into intrahepatic and extrahepatic. Extrahepatic cholestasis mainly due to the obstruction. Pancreaticoduodenectomy surgery is the treatment of choice, can cause anatomical and physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract. These changes maldigesti and malabsorption, causing malnutrition, as well as increased morbidity and mortality if not received nutritional support.Case Presentation Four cases of extrahepatic cholestasis, jaundice throughout the body, abdominal pain. Three cases 1 male and 2 female , due to malignancy and 1 case for the CBD benign stricture. All patients underwent surgery, with long operating range from 3 to 9 hours. Fulfillment of protein and amino acids, especially branched chain amino acids, maximum effort, which is obtained from a combination of a polymeric liquid food and egg white. Fat is limited to maximum 30 of the energy supplied, containing medium chain triglycerides MCT high. Pancreaticoduodenectomy cause changes in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, with symptoms of nausea and abdominal discomfort after eating, can be overcome by adjusting the mode of administration, the amount and form of nutrients each patient 39 s condition. During treatment in hospital, in general, food intake and clinical condition of the patients improved, as well as return to the improvement of clinical conditions.Conclusion The clinical nutrition medical therapy in patients with cholestasis, can help surgical and medical therapy to obtain post surgical outcomes and improve the quality of life of patients."

"The purpose of the study was to compare the nutritional status of children receiving supplementary food from the high and low performing health centers in East Sumba District, Indonesia.

Assessment of all 15 health centers was the first stage to determine the performance level using input output process approach, and 568 selected households from two performance categories was the second stage to investigate nutritional status. A Scoring system was used to determine the performance level, and anthropometry was used to assess nutritional status. SPSS 10.0 and Epilnfo 6.04b were used for data analyses. The study was conducted from February to March 2001.

All input-process-output and personnel capability variables between the two performance levels were significantly different. The supplementary feeding package fulfilled optimally the standard requirement, but the method and frequency of distribution did not The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly different between the two performance levels.

Lack of transportation and small number of personnel might have influenced the improper nutrition service management."