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"Buku yang berjudul "Soils manual for design of Asphalt Pavement Structures" ini dipersembahkan oleh The Asphalt Institute. "

"Aktifitas ekonomi merupakan hal yang sangat vital baik dalam skala makro maupun mikro. Aktifitas tersebut membutuhkan sarana transportasi untuk memindahkan barang maupun jasa dari tempat asal menuju tempat tujuan. Adanya kondisi permukaan yang rusak sangat mudah ditemui dalam sebagian besar ruas jalan sehingga dapat mengganggu kelancaran transportasi. Padahal kondisi permukaan akan mempengaruhi empat komponen utama yaitu kenyamanan, kapasitas beban, keamanan, estetika. Kenyataan yang ada saat ini, jalan akan diperbaiki atau diperbarui umur layannya ketika jalan telah rusak berat. Setiap tahunnya, pemerintah mengeluarkan dana yang besar untuk memperbaikinya. Preservasi diharapkan menjadi sebuah manajemen sistem yang mampu menjawab tantangan tersebut. Besarnya penghematan yang dapat diperoleh dengan penerapan preservasi menjadi tujuan skripsi ini. Skripsi ini hanya merupakan gambaran awal terhadap keuntungan penerapan program preservasi, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai efisiensi biaya yang lebih mendalam. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan dengan Present Value pada setiap alternatif, maka metode konvensional bisa 2,5 kali lebih mahal daripada metode preservasi.

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Economic activity verry important both macro and micro scale. These activities require transportation to move goods and services from the place of origin to the destination. The existence condition of the damaged surface is easily found in most of the road, so that it can interfere with the smooth transportation. Though surface conditions will affect the four major components of comfort, load capacity, safety, aesthetics.

The fact that there is now, the road will be repaired or renewed its life when the road was heavily damaged. Each year, the government issued a big fund to fix it. Preservation is expected to become a management system that able to answer that challenge. The amount of savings that can be obtained by application of preservation is the objective of this final report.

This final report is only a preliminary description of the advantages the application of preservation programs, so further research is needed on a deeper cost-efficiency. After calculation of Present Value at each alternative, then the conventional method can be 2,5 more expensive than the method of preservation."

"Pembangunan infrastuktur jalan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan perekonomian negara, terutama untuk kemudahan akses dari dan menuju suatu wilayah. Karena hal tersebut permintaan perbaikan maupun pembuatan jalan semakin meningkat seiring berjalannya waktu yang mana diikuti juga akan permintaan agregat dan aspal yang merupakan komponen utamanya. Aspal dan agregat merupakan sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbarui, yang mana jika diambil secara terus menerus dalam skala besar dapat membuat ketersediannya semakin terbatas. Di samping itu adanya perbaikan jalan juga dapat menghasilkan limbah kerukan jalan aspal atau bisa juga disebut Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) yang mana biasanya langsung dibuang begitu saja di suatu tempat dan terus menumpuk. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dan untuk mendukung konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan maka perlu adanya penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan kembali RAP untuk dijadikan solusi sebagai komponen pembuatan jalan untuk menekan penggunaan aspal dan agregat baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan kembali RAP sebagai bahan campuran beraspal hangat lapis aspal beton lapis aus. Dalam penelitian ini RAP diekstraksi dan diuji kualitasnya. Kemudian dilakukan pencampuran antara RAP dan Aspal yang mana sebagai variabel bebas dan parameter hasil uji campuran tersebut sebagai variabel dependen. Pencampuran dilakukan dengan 12 variasi yang mana nantinya diuji dengan pengujian Marshall. Dari hasil penelitian ini nantinya didapatkan kadar campuran optimum untuk Aspal baru dan RAP berdasarkan hasil pengujian Marshall.

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Road infrastructure development is one of the factors that can improve the country's economy, especially for easy access to an area. Because of this the demand for roadworks and improvements has increased over time, which will also be followed by demand for aggregates and asphalt which are the main components. Asphalt and aggregate are non- renewable natural resources, which if taken continuously on a large scale can make their availability even more limited. In addition, road improvements can also result in asphalt road dredging or can also be called Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), which is usually directly dumped somewhere and continues to pile up. To overcome this problem and to support the concept of sustainable development, it is necessary to have research on the reuse of RAP to be a solution as a component of road construction to reduce the use of asphalt and new aggregates. This study aims to reuse RAP as a mixture of warm asphalt in asphalt concrete. In this study, RAP was extracted and tested for quality. Then a mixture of RAP and Asphalt is carried out as a independent variable and the results of the mixture test as the dependent variable. Mixing was carried out with 12 variations which were later tested by Marshall testing. From the results of this study we will get the optimum mixture levels for new asphalt and RAP based on Marshall test results."

"Black Cotton Soil (BCS) collected from Guyuk, Adamawa State- North-eastern Nigeria, was treated with 0 to 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in 10% steps to evaluate the microstructure and strength of the compacted mixtures. The index property results show that the BCS and RAP are classified under clay of high plasticity (CH) and poorly graded sand (SP) respectively, according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). An extraction test gave a RAP bitumen content of 5.99%, which is within the value of 5–6% recommended in the literature. An x-ray diffraction test carried out on both the BCS and RAP showed that the BCS predominantly consisted of quartz, microcline, albite and kaolinite, which is similar to the results obtained in the literature, while the RAP, however, consisted of quartz, albite, orthoclase, phylogopite and actinolite, which is slightly different to what is reported in the literature, probably due to the source of the bitumen. The results of compaction, at a modified energy level, conducted on the mixtures, show that the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) increased from 1.890 to 2.034 mg/m3 at 30% RAP content, after which the value fell to1.925 mg/m3 at 100% RAP content. The Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) however, decreased from 13.7% at 0% RAP, to 8.8% at between 40-60% RAP content, after which the value increased marginally to 9.5% at 90% RAP. Similar to the MDD, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) increased from 11% at 0% RAP to a maximum of 35% at 30% RAP content, after which the value fell to 5% at 100% RAP content. 30% RAP is therefore the optimal mixture giving the highest strength and can be used as a sub-base material for roads with light traffic use, according to the Nigerian General Specification for Road and Bridge Works. Hence the 3.07% bitumen obtained for this mixture can be adopted as the fixation point for BCS-RAP mixtures. Durability was found to be far lower than the resistance to loss in strength of 80% suggested in the literature."