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"Kaum nelayan masih menduduki taraf ekonomi masyarakat lapisan bawah, hal ini dikarenakan tingkat produktifitas hasil lautnya yang minim dan tidak didukung dengan sarana penangkapan ikan yang baik. Beberapa cara dilakukan pemerintah guna meningkatkan taraf kehidupan nelayan, seperti pemberian kredit motor beserta alat tangkapnya. Tetapi hal tersebut tidak banyak membuahkan hasil. Hasil tangkapan para nelayan masih minim, dikarenakan nelayan harus berusaha lebih giat lagi untuk membayar kredit ditambah lagi motor dan unit propulsi yang butuh perawatan mahal dan mudah rusak. Penggunaan motor tempel atau 'z' peller, harganya sangat mahal, dan sangat tidak cocok untuk kaum nelayan yang tergolong kurang mampu dalam pengadaannya. Selain itu pemakaian poros propeller yang panjang dianggap tidak efisien. Dengan menggunakan unit propulsi dengan transmisi rantai, diharapkan harga dapat ditekan seminimal mungkin, mudah dalam perawatannya, menghemat ruangan, mesin mendapat pendinginan yang baik, serta handal.

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The fisherman is still become the marginal economic society, it is caused by the minimum income of production at the sea, and they don't have a good facility for fishing. The government has done many ways to raise the social economics of the fisheries, but it can't make any changes. The fisherman's production income is still not satisfied, it may be caused by the propulsion unit of the ship that need serious care to maintain and easy to spoilt. The outboard engine or 'z' peller has an expensive price and not suitable for the fisherman, and using the long ass of propeller is not efficient. By utilizing the chains transmission of ship propulsion the price can be stressed at the minimum, easy maintenance, larger of space hold, good engine cooling, andreliable."

"Written by an award-winning naval architecture author and former vice-president of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA), the fifth edition of Introduction to naval architecture has been fully updated to take in advances in the field and is ideal both for those approaching the subject for the first time and those looking to update or refresh their knowledge on areas outside of their direct expertise.This book provides a broad appreciation of the science and art of naval architecture, explaining the subject in physical rather than in mathematical terms. While covering basic principles, such as hull geometry, propulsion, and stability, the book also addresses contemporary topics, such as computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM). The new edition reflects the continuing developments in technology, changes in international regulations and recent research."

"Rendahnya daya saing Industri Galangan Kapal Nasional dipicu oleh tingginya angka impor kapal ke Indonesia yang bahkan tidak mencapai 2% per Oktober 2021. Hal ini terjadi karena membangun kapal di Indonesia relatif lebih lama dan mahal. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah tingginya komponen kapal impor yang mencapai 70%-80%. Melihat pengaruh komponen kapal impor terhadap daya saing Industri Galangan Kapal Nasional, maka penting untuk meminimalisir dan mengendalikan risiko agar proses pengadaan efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab risiko prioritas dan mitigasi risiko prioritas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference) dan HOR (House of Risk). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa risk agent prioritas adalah kualifikasi SDM galangan tidak memadai, perencanaan terkait tidak akurat, dan komitmen supplier kurang; PA (Preventive Action) prioritas adalah membuat database komponen kapal impor untuk internal galangan dan rutin diperbarui, membangun hubungan yang erat dengan menjalin komunikasi yang baik dengan seluruh pihak yang terlibat, melakukan pemilihan SDM yang berkompeten dibidangnya.

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The low competitiveness of the National Shipbuilding Industry is caused by the high number of imported ships to Indonesia which doesn’t even reach 2% as of October 2021. This is because building ships in Indonesia is relatively longer and more expensive. The constraint faced is the high percentage of imported ship components, which reach 70%-80%. Considering the influence of imported ship components on the competitiveness of the National Shipbuilding Industry, it is important to minimize and control risks for an effective and efficient procurement process. The purpose of this study is to identify priority risk agents and preventive actions. This study uses the SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference) and HOR (House of Risk) methods. The results of the study show that the priority risk agents are the inadequate qualification of shipyard human resources, inaccurate related planning, and the lack of supplier's commitment; priority preventive actions are creating database of imported ship components for the shipyard's internal use and regularly updated, building close relationships by establishing good communication with all parties involved, and selecting competent human resources in their respective fields."