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"Summary:The editors' substantive introduction and the specially commissioned chapters in this Handbook explore the emergence of transnational labour law and its contested contours"

"In 1956, ICJ judge Philip Jessup highlighted the gaps between private and public international law and the need to adapt the law to border-crossing problems. Today, sixty years later, we still ask what role transnational law can play in a deeply divided, post-colonial world, where multinationals hold more power and more assets than many nation states. In searching for suitable answers to pressing legal problems such as climate change law, security, poverty and inequality, questions of representation, enforcement, accountability and legitimacy become newly entangled. As public and private, domestic and international actors compete for regulatory authority, spaces for political legitimacy have become fragmented and the state's exclusivist claim to be law's harbinger and place of origin under attack. Against this background, transnational law emerges as a conceptual framework and method laboratory for a critical reflection on the forms, fora and processes of law making and law contestation today."

"As frustration mounts in some quarters at the perceived inadequacy or speed of international action on climate change, and as the likelihood of significant impacts grows, the focus is increasingly turning to liability for climate change damage. Actual or potential climate change liability implicates a growing range of actors, including governments, industry, businesses, non-governmental organisations, individuals and legal practitioners. Climate Change Liability provides an objective, rigorous and accessible overview of the existing law and the direction it might take in seventeen developed and developing countries and the European Union. In some jurisdictions, the applicable law is less developed and less the subject of current debate. In others, actions for various kinds of climate change liability have already been brought, including high profile cases such as Massachusetts v. EPA in the United States. Each chapter explores the potential for and barriers to climate change liability in private and public law"-- Provided by publisher.Contents Machine generated contents note: Part I. Legal, Scientific and Policy Aspects: 1. Introduction Jutta Brunne;e, Silke Goldberg, Richard Lord and Lavanya Rajamani; 2. The scientific basis for climate change liability Myles Allen; 3. Overview of legal issues relevant to climate change Jutta Brunne;e, Silke Goldberg, Richard Lord and Lavanya Rajamani; 4. Policy considerations Jutta Brunne;e, Silke Goldberg, Richard Lord and Lavanya Rajamani; Part II. National Laws: Asia and Pacific: 5. Australia Ross Abbs, Peter Cashman and Tim Stephens; 6. China Deng Haifeng; 7. India Lavanya Rajamani and Shibani Ghosh; 8. Indonesia Mas Achmad Santosa, Rifqi Assegaf and Josi Khatarina; 9. Japan Yukari Takamura; Africa/Middle East: 10. Egypt Dalia Farouk and Lamiaa Youssef; 11. Israel Issachar Rosen-Zvi; 12. Kenya Patricia Kameri-Mbote and Collins Odote; 13. South Africa Debbie Collier and Jan Glazewski; Europe and Eurasia: 14. European Union Ludwig Kra;mer; 15. Germany Hans-Joachim Koch, Michael Lührs and Roda Verheyen; 16. Poland Bartosz Kuras, Maciej Szewczyk, Dominik Walkowski, Tomasz Wardynski and Izabella Zielinska-Barlozek; 17. English law Silke Goldberg and Richard Lord; 18. Russia Fiona Mucklow Cheremeteff, Max Gutbrod, Daria Ratsiborinskaya and Sergei Sitnikov; North America: 19. Canada Meinhard Doelle, Dennis Mahony and Alex Smith; 20. United States of America Michael B. Gerrard and Gregory E. Wannier; Central and South America: 21. Brazil Yanko Marcius de Alencar Xavier and Pedro Lucas de Moura Soares; 22. Mexico Jose; Juan Gonzalez Marquez."

"Dalam Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (“Konvensi Pengungsi”) diaturmengenai prinsip non-refoulement juga merupakan hukum kebiasaan internasional dengan karakter jus cogens. Prinsip non-refoulement berlaku dari tahap awal proses suakahingga repatriasi. Repatriasi diupayakan bersifatsukarela, aman, dan bermartabat agar tidakmenimbulkan refoulement. Ketentuan prinsipnon-refoulement kembali dipertegas dalamEuropean Convention on Human Rights(“ECHR”) dan Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (“EU Charter”). Denmark merupakan negara anggota dari Council of Europe (“CoI”) dan European Union (“EU”) yang telah meratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi dan EU Charter serta melakukan inkorporasi ECHR ke dalam hukum nasionalnya. Pada tahun 2019, Denmark melakukan pengembalian pengungsiSuriah karena Suriah telah aman berdasarkanpenilaian Denmark dalam Country of Origin Information 2019. Tindakan Denmark tidakdidukung oleh organisasi internasional dan non-governmental organisation (“NGO”) yang menyatakan bahwa repatriasi sukarela, aman, dan bermartabat ke Suriah belum tersedia. Denganmenggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatifyang berbasiskan pada data sekunder, penelitianskripsi ini hendak menganalisis apakahpengembalian pengungsi Suriah di Denmark melanggar prinsip non-refoulement. Adapun hasilpenelitian yang telah dilakukan, ditemukankesimpulan bahwa belum ada tindakan dan indikasi pelanggaran prinsip non-refoulementyang dilakukan oleh Denmark. Meski demikian, Denmark diharapkan untuk tetap menjunjungtinggi ketentuan prinsip non-refoulement dan memenuhi hak-hak dasar pengungsi yang hendakdikembalikan. Denmark juga diharapkan untukmenjaga komitmennya sebagai bagian dari EU dan CoI yang melalui instrumen hukumnya, yakni ECHR dan EU Charter, mempertegaskembali ketentuan prinsip non-refoulement. Denmark dapat melakukan kolaborasi organisasiinternasional, NGO, dan komite nasional Suriahuntuk memastikan repatriasi yang sukarela, aman, dan bermartabat.

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Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees("Refugee Convention") governs the concept of non-refoulement as well as customary international law with jus cogens character. From the beginning of the asylum procedure till repatriation, the principle of non-refoulement applies. Repatriation is intended to be voluntary, safe, and dignified in order to avoid refoulement. The concept of non-refoulement has been reiterated in the European Convention on Human Rights ("ECHR") and the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights ("EU Charter"). Denmark is a member of the Council of Europe ("CoI") and the European Union ("EU"), and it has ratified the Refugee Convention and the EU Charter, as well as incorporated the ECHR into national law. In 2019, Denmark carried out the return of Syrian refugees because Syria was safe based on the Danish assessment in the Country of Origin Information 2019. However, Denmark is expected to continue to uphold the provisions of the principle of non-refoulement and fulfill the basic rights of refugees who desire to be repatriated. Denmark is also required to retain its commitment as a member of the EU and CoI, which reaffirms the principle of non-refoulement through its legal instruments, particularly the ECHR and the EU Charter. Denmark can work with international organizations, non-governmental groups, and Syrian national committees to facilitate voluntary, safe, and dignified repatriation."