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"Penelitian ini membahas apakah rumusan klausul Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) dalam perjanjian investasi internasional Indonesia (PII) pasca peninjauan ulang dapat mencegah penggunaan klausul tersebut untuk pembebanan kewajiban substantif yang berasal dari third-party treaty. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membahas faktor-faktor apa saja yang dipertimbangkan oleh majelis arbitrase untuk menerima atau menolak penggunaan klausul MFN dalam basic treaty untuk membebankan kewajiban substantif dari third-party treaty. Menggunakan metode doktrinal dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa rumusan klausul MFN dalam dua dari tiga PII Indonesia pasca peninjauan ulang dapat mencegah pembebanan kewajiban substantif yang berasal dari third-party treaty. Kedua PII tersebut adalah BIT Indonesia – Singapura (2018) dan BIT Indonesia – Uni Emirat Arab (2019). Sementara itu, rumusan klausul MFN dalam Indonesia – Australia CEPA (2019) belum dapat mencegah. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat setidaknya tiga faktor yang dipertimbangkan oleh majelis arbitrase untuk membebankan kewajiban substantif dari third-party treaty berdasarkan klausul MFN, yaitu rumusan klausul MFN, prinsip ejusdem generis, dan intent atau niat dari para pihak dalam perjanjian investasi internasional. Berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia sebaiknya lebih konsisten dalam merundingkan PII kedepannya untuk memasukkan larangan pembebanan kewajiban substantif dalam rumusan klausul MFN.

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This research discusses whether the formulation of the Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) clause in Indonesia's post-review international investment agreements (IIA) can prevent the use of such clause for the importation of substantive obligations originating from third-party treaties. In addition, this study also discusses what factors are considered by arbitral tribunals to accept or reject the use of the MFN clause in the basic treaty for the importation of substantive obligations from third-party treaties. Using the doctrinal method as well as the statutory approach and case approach, this research concludes that the formulation of the MFN clauses in two out of three of Indonesia's post-review IIAs can prevent the imporation of substantive obligations derived from third-party treaties. The two IIAs are the Indonesia - Singapore (2018) BIT and the Indonesia - United Arab Emirates BIT (2019). However, the formulation of the MFN clause in one out of the three IIAs analyzed, namely the Indonesia - Australia CEPA (2019), is not able to prevent such practice. Furthermore, this research concludes that there are at least three factors considered by arbitral tribunals to import substantive obligations from third-party treaties through the MFN clause, namely the formulation of the MFN clause itself, the ejusdem generis principle, and the intent of the contracting parties to the IIA. Based on the conclusions, the government of Indonesia should be more consistent when negotiating future IIAs to include the prohibiton of importing substantive obligations from third-party treaties in the MFN clause."

"Abstract:"Are international fisheries heading away from open access to a global commons towards a regime of property rights? The distributional implications of denying access to newcomers and re-entrants that used the resource in the past are fraught. Should the winners in this process compensate the losers and, if so, how? Regional Fisheries Management Organisations, in whose gift participatory rights increasingly lie, are perceptibly shifting their attention to this approach, which has hitherto been little analysed; this book provides a review of the practice of these bodies and the States that are their members. The recently favoured response of governments, combating 'IUU' - illegal, unregulated and unreported - fishing, is shown to rest on a flawed concept, and the solution might lie less in law than in legal policy: compulsory dispute settlement to moderate their claims and an expansion of the possibilities of trading of quotas to make solving the global overcapacity issue easier"--Page 4 of cover."

"Dalam perjanjian investasi internasional pada umumnya, penanam modal asing diberikan hak untuk menggugat negara penerima investasi secara langsung (Investor-State Dispute Settlement / “ISDS”). Dalam beberapa putusan arbitrase, adanya unsur pelanggaran hukum dalam kegiatan investasi mengakibatkan tidak dapat diterimanya gugatan ISDS dengan berlandaskan kepada doktrin clean hands. Doktrin clean hands pada esensinya menekankan adanya kewajiban penanam modal asing untuk memiliki ‘tangan yang bersih’ atau bebas dari pelanggaran hukum agar ia berhak mengajukan gugatan. Skripsi ini membahas kedudukan doktrin clean hands hukum investasi dan penerapannya dalam beberapa yurisprudensi, yakni putusan arbitrase Hesham Al Warraq v. Republic of Indonesia dan Churchill Mining PLC and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan metode pendekatan yuridis-normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis untuk menggambarkan berbagai pandangan mengenai kedudukan doktrin clean hands dalam hukum investasi dan penerapannya dalam beberapa yurisprudensi. Hasil penelitian dari skripsi ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedudukan doktrin clean hands dalam sumber hukum investasi masih menuai pro dan kontra dari berbagai pihak. Sebagian menilai bahwa doktrin ini telah menjelma menjadi prinsip hukum umum dalam Pasal 38 ayat (1) ICJ Statute, sedangkan sebagian lagi menilai bahwa doktrin ini masih berstatus doktrin semata. Namun, konsep dasar doktrin ini telah termanifestasi dalam beberapa putusan arbitrase untuk menolak gugatan ISDS penanam modal asing yang telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum, termasuk dalam studi kasus Hesham Al Warraq v. Republic of Indonesia dan Churchill Mining PLC and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia.

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Most of international investment agreement granted foreign investors the right to resolve disputes with the government of the host state where their investment was made (Investor- State Dispute Settlement / “ISDS”). In several arbitral awards, an incompliance or illegal conduct related to the investment has rendered the claims deemed inadmissible based on the clean hands doctrine. Clean hands doctrine requires a claimant to comply with the law in order to be entitled to sue and obtain remedies. This thesis addresses the status of clean hands doctrine in investment law and its manifestation in Hesham Al Warraq v. Republic of Indonesia's and Churchill Mining PLC and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia's arbitral awards. This research is a legal study with normative juridicial approach and descriptive analytical analysis which aim is to illustrate the status of clean hands doctrine in investment law and its application in various jurisprudences. The result of this thesis concludes that the status of clean hands doctrine as one of the source of international law is remain unclear. There are debates regarding its status as a general principle of law stated in Article 38 (1) ICJ Statute. Nonetheless, the fundamental concept of this doctrine has been manifested in some of the arbitral awards as a bar relief for the claims brought by investors which investments were either made or operated in violation with the host state's domestic law, including in the Hesham Al Warraq v. Republic of Indonesia's and Churchill Mining PLC and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia's case."

""International Law is the definitive and authoritative text on the subject, offering Shaw's unbeatable combination of clarity of expression and academic rigour and ensuring both understanding and critical analysis in an engaging and authoritative style. Encompassing the leading principles, practice and cases, and retaining and developing the detailed references which encourage and assist the reader in further study, this new edition motivates and challenges students and professionals while remaining accessible and engaging. Fully updated to reflect recent case law and treaty developments, this edition contains an expanded treatment of the relationship between international and domestic law, the principles of international humanitarian law, and international criminal law alongside additional material on international economic law""