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"Peningkatan kasus pemerkosaan di India terjadi terus-menerus setiap tahunnya membuat isu ini signifikan untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori gerakan sosial baru,  perspektif feminisme radikal dan politik tubuh untuk menjelaskan peranan feminis dan gerakan perempuan India. Pemerkosaan di India dilihat sebagai manifestasi budaya patriarki yang mengakar di dalam masyarakat India. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah melihat peranan feminis dan gerakan perempuan India dalam memengaruhi pembentukan undang-undang yaitunya Undang-Undang Anti Pemerkosaan di India tahun 2013. Feminis dan gerakan perempuan India berharap pengesahan undang-undang yang baru dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi persoalan perempuan. Akan tetapi, pengesahan undang-undang ini tidak dapat mengatasi pemerkosaan di India yang dibuktikan dengan data statistik meningkatnya pemerkosaan di India setiap tahunnya pasca disahkannya Undang-Undang Anti Pemerkosaan di India tahun 2013.

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The increasing of rape cases in India each year makes this phenomenon becomes significant in India. This research employs theory of new social movements, the perspective of radical feminism dan body politics to explain the role of feminism and the impact of Indian womans movement. Rape is seen as a manifestation of Patriarch Culture that rooted in the Indian society. This research aims to see the role of feminism and the Indian womans movement in the formulation of Anti-Rape Law in 2013. Feminist and the women in India build upon this Law as a solution to rape cases that happened in India. But as a matter of fact, this Law is not a solution for the rape cases, its proven with the statistics data that that there is still escalation each year even if the Law itself is passed in 2013."

"Penelitian ini akan mengkaji mengenai keberhasilan gerakan anti pemerkosaan di India dalam mendorong amandemen undang-undang hukum pidana India pada tahun 2013. Gerakan ini muncul setelah terjadinya kasus pemerkosaan yang terjadi pada seorang mahasiswi berumur 23 Tahun yang bernama Jyoti Singh. Insiden tersebut telah memunculkan protes besar dari masyarakat India terhadap kasus pemerkosaan yang sering terjadi kepada perempuan India. Mereka menuntut pemerintah untuk dapat memberikan perlindungan kepada perempuan sehingga peristiwa serupa tidak terulang kembali. Gerakan ini juga meminta pemerintah untuk mempertegas sistem hukum terkait pemerkosaan, khususnya undang-undang hukum pidana. Terdapat tuntutan kepada pemerintah untuk melakukan amandemen terhadap undang-undang pidana yang mengatur hukuman terhadap pelaku pemerkosaan. Mereka meminta agar para pelaku bisa mendapatkan hukuman maksimal yaitu hukuman mati. Pada akhirnya gerakan ini berhasil mendorong pemerintah untuk mengamandemen undang-undang hukum pidana tersebut pada tahun 2013. Dalam mengkaji keberhasilan gerakan anti pemerkosaan ini, penulis menggunakan teori struktur kesempatan politik, mobilisasi sumber daya, dan framing. Penelitian ini juga akan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif.

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This study will examine the success of the anti rape movement in India in pushing for an amendment of Indian criminal law in 2013. This movement emerged after the rape case that occurred in a 23 year old student named Jyoti Singh. The incident has sparked massive protests from Indian society over the frequent rape case against Indian women. They demanded the government to provide protection for women so that similar events do not happen again. The movement also asked the government to reinforce the legal system related to rape, particularly in criminal law. There was a demand to the government to amend the criminal law that governs the punishment of perpetrators of rape. They asked that the perpetrators can get the maximum sentence of death penalty. In the end, the movement succeeded in encouraging the government to amend the criminal law law in 2013. In examining the success of this anti rape movement, the author uses the theory of opportunity politics structure, resource mobilization, and framing. This research uses qualitative method."

"Pergerakan sosial merupakan fenomena yang tidak dapat dikesampingkan dalam dinamika hubungan internasional pada saat ini. Pergerakan-pergerakan tersebut memiliki berbagai fokus, salah satu yang paling signifikan adalah pergerakan sosial yang membawa identitas dan tuntutan-tuntutan feminis. Perspektif feminis dalam Hubungan Internasional sendiri telah meletakkan bagaimana gender merupakan unit analisis yang sentral dalam dinamika politik internasional, termasuk bagaimana pergerakan sosial diusung dengan membawa identitas dan isu-isu gender, terutama yang berkisar di pengalaman perempuan. Asia merupakan satu kawasan dengan pergerakan feminis yang dinamis, sebagai kawasan yang sarat dengan isu-isu ketimpangan gender yang turut berlapis dengan aspek ketimpangan sosial lain, seperti politik, ekonomi, sosial, hingga budaya. Tulisan ini meninjau bagaimana pergerakan feminis di Asia merupakan suatu fenomena transnasional, regional, sekaligus lokal dan senantiasa mempengaruhi dinamika sosial dan politik, baik di Asia maupun di dunia internasional. Tulisan ini turut membingkai bagaimana perspektif feminis dalam Hubungan Internasional mampu dikembangkan, terutama dengan mempertimbangkan dinamika pergerakan feminis di kawasan Asia yang terbilang unik dan memiliki ciri khasnya tersendiri. Tulisan ini adalah tinjauan literatur akademik yang menggunakan metode pengorganisasian taksonomi serta mencakup 37 literatur akademik terakreditasi yang dikategorisasikan ke dalam tiga tema besar, yaitu: (1) keterkaitan pergerakan feminis di Asia dengan feminisme transnasional; (2) ragam isu pergerakan feminis di Asia, dan; (3) sifat khas pergerakan feminis di Asia. Penulis turut memetakan konsensus dan perdebatan yang muncul dari literatur-literatur yang ditinjau terkait bagaimana identitas feminis dimainkan di pergerakan-pergerakan di Asia hingga derajat inklusivitas pergerakan bagi seluruh gender. Penulis melihat bagaimana kajian akademik terkait pergerakan feminis di Asia dalam lingkup Hubungan Internasional masih terfragmentasi berdasar isu dan konteks sosial, politik, dan budaya dalam negara-negara di Asia. Di samping itu, penulis turut mengidentifikasi bagaimana pergerakan feminis di Asia masih sarat dengan berbagai tantangan dalam hal inklusivitas dan kohesi pergerakan. Dengan itu, penulis merekomendasikan agar penelitian terkait pergerakan feminis di Asia dalam kacamata Hubungan Internasional untuk diragamkan sekaligus saling dikaitkan untuk memunculkan perspektif dan perdebatan baru terkait topik tersebut.

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Social movement is a phenomenon that cannot be ruled out in the current dynamics of international relations. These movements have various focuses, one of the most significant is the social movement that carries feminist identities and demands. The feminist perspective in International Relations has laid out how gender is a central unit of analysis in the dynamics of international politics, including how social movements are carried out by bringing gender identities and issues, especially those that revolve around women's experiences. Asia is an area with a dynamic feminist movement, as a region full of issues of gender inequality layered with other aspects of social inequality, such as political, economic, social, and cultural. This paper reviews how the feminist movement in Asia is a transnational, regional, as well as local phenomenon and greatly influences social and political dynamics, both in Asia and internationally. This paper also frames how a feminist perspective in International Relations can be developed, especially by considering the dynamics of the feminist movement in the Asian region which is unique and has its own characteristics. This paper is a collection of academic literature using a taxonomic organizing method and includes 37 accredited academic literature which are categorized into three major themes, namely: (1) the relationship between Asian feminist movements and transnational feminism; (2) various issues of feminist movement in Asia, and; (3) the characteristics of feminist movement in Asia. The author also provides the context and sense that emerge from the literature reviewed regarding how feminist identity is played in movements in Asia to the degree of inclusiveness of the movement for all genders. The author sees how academic studies related to feminist movements in Asia within the scope of International Relations are still fragmented based on social, political, and cultural issues and contexts in each Asian country. In addition, the author also identifies how the feminist movement in Asia is still full of challenges in terms of movement inclusiveness and cohesion. With that in mind, the author recommends that research related to feminist movement in Asia from the perspective of International Relations be diversified and mutually relate to bring up new perspectives and views on this topic."

"This research attempts to introduce a new perspective on the complex relationships in South Korea's patriarchal society that produces "victims of victims". The patriarchal culture in South Korea stems from Confucian values that have demeaned women by branding them immoral (hwanyang-nyeon/화냥년). In modern times, these Confucian values perpetuate misogyny and create a second-class identity for women in South Korean society. Thus, the feminism movement was born as a form of emancipation to fight the enduring injustice against women in South Korea. By using Jürgen Habermas' perspective on moral discourse and Spinner-Halev’s perspective on enduring injustice, this study aims to examine the formation of a victim mentality in South Korean women and its relationship with the label of 'patriarchy' pinned on Islam, which then contributes to intensified Islamophobia in South Korea. The construction of Islam as patriarchal and degrading to women is often expressed alongside acts of racism and xenophobia. This phenomenon constitutes a vicious cycle. Deep-seated trauma and hatred due to mistreatment and othering experiences over time has caused women in South Korea to internalize a victim identity. Ironically, this creates new victims through anti-Islamic campaigns in the feminist movement. By conducting a literature review, this research seeks to analyze the relationship between enduring injustice due to patriarchal culture, mental formation of victims and Islamophobia in the South Korean feminist movement."

"'Nazi Germany : confronting the myths' provides a concise andcompelling introduction to the Third Reich. At the same time,it challenges and demystifies the many stereotypes surroundingHitler and Nazi Germany. * Creates a succinct, argument-driven overview for students byusing common myths and stereotypes to encourage critical engagementwith the subject * Provides an up-to-date historical synthesis based on the latestresearch in the field * Argues that in order to fully understand and explain thisperiod of history, we need to address its seeming paradoxes -for example, questioning why most Germans viewed the Third Reich asa legitimate government, despite the Nazis' criminality * Incorporates useful study features, including a timeline,glossary, maps, and illustrations."