Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Masalah gas lapisan batubara sekarang telah berubah menjadi situasi yang kompleks Masalah utama dari aktivitas gas lapisan batubara adalah pengelolaan air yang dihasilkan Air biasanya dicampur dengan cairan kimia yang kemudian harus didaur ulang sehingga dapat digunakan kembali Sebuah studi perbandingan isu isu dan peraturan pemerintah di Australia dan Amerika Serikat sangat penting untuk memahami tentang manajemen gas lapisan batubara sehingga lebih dapat diketahui tentang keragaman masalah untuk mengklasifikasikan dan memasukkan mereka dalam standar yang telah dibuat Sebuah penelitian membaca telah dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data Beberapa rekomendasi yang diusulkan seperti untuk meningkatkan komunikasi antara pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat setempat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kegiatan gas lapisan batubara dan memberlakukan kebijakan dan peraturan ketat untuk manajemen gas lapisan batubara yang lebih baik.

---

Coal seam gas issues now have turned into a complex situation. The major issue of the coal seam gas activity is the management of the produced water. The water is usually mixed with a chemical fluid which then has to be treated so it can be reused. A comparative study of the issues and governmental regulations in Australia and the United States is vital to understand about coal seam gas management, so that more can be known about the diversity of the problems to classify and include them in the standards that have already been made. A reading research has been conducted to gathered the data. Some recommendations are proposed such as to improve communication between regional governments and local communities, enhance knowledge about coal seam gas activities, and impose stricter policies and regulations for better coal seam gas management."

"Pemerintah Indonesia menganjurkan alternatif penggunaan briket batubara dalam kegiatan rumah tangga, dan industri skala kecil dan menengah. Penggunaan briket batubara sebagai alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan minyak tanah yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat sedangkan persediaannya terbatas. Jika dibandingkan dengan minyak tanah sumber daya batubara berlimpah (61.3 Milyar ton). Penggunaan briket batubara dapat menimbuikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan, karena dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi pencemaran udara diantaranya Total Suspended Particulat (TSP), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), sulfur dioksida (SO2), karbon monoksida (CO), hidrokarbon (HC), senyawa organik seperti benzo[a]pyrene dan benzene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas udara ambien akibat pembakaran briket batubara.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Pembakaran briket batubara dengan cara simulasi, contoh uji udara ambien diambil sebelum dan sesudah pembakaran dengan menggunakan alat High Volume Air Sampling (HVAS) untuk TSP dan B[a]P, dan dengan impinjer untuk parameter gas Iainnya seperti yang diuraikan diatas.Hasil penelitian analisis udara ambien adalah sebagai berikut. Parameter anorganik:1. Sulfur dioksida (SO2) : 5,50 1.i.g/Nm3 - 225 µg/Nm3,2. Karbon monoksida (CO): 228 1.Lg/Nm3 - 508 µg/Nm3,3. Total Suspended Particulat (TSP) : 105 ug/Nm3 - 115 1.tg/Nm3,4. Nitrogen dioksida (NO2): 16,1 1.ig/Nm3 - 20,5 µg/Nm3, Parameter organik,5. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P):485 ng/g - 4518.1 ng/g,6. Benzena (C5H6): 0 µg/Nm3 - 1µg/Nm3.Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t dengan alpha (a)= 0,05. Berdasarkan uji ini, semua parameter konsentrasinya 'dinyatakan berbeda nyata sebelum dan sesudah percobaan, kecuali untuk parameter hidrokarbon (HC) yaitu 1,53 µg/Nm3 - 1,61 µg/Nm3Pada penelitian ini disarankan bahwa penggunaan briket batubara sebagai alternatif dapat digunakan namun perlu hati-hati pencemaran udara dari emisi yang ditimbulkan.

---

The Government of Indonesia suggests that the use of coal briquette as an alternative energy needs to be applied to domestic activity, and small and medium scale industries. The use of coal briquette as an alternative energy is to reduce domination of kerosene since the kerosene is abundantly used by society while its supply is limited. comparing to kerosene coal resource is copious (61,3 ton billion). The used of coal briquette as an alternative energy could generate negative impact on human health and environment, because it would raise the concentration of air pollution, such as Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (502), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), the organic compound like benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and benzene. The aim of this research is to know the effect of combustion of coal briquette to ambient air quality due to emission of air pollutants.This research used experimental method. The combustion of coal briquette in this test used simulation technique. The sampling of ambient air quality was taken before and after combustion using High Volume Air Sampler for TSP and B[a]P, as well as grab impinge for other gases mentioned above. The air sample was analyzed in laboratory according to standardized method.The results of ambient air analyses are as follows.Inorganic parameters:1. Sulphur dioxide (502): 5,50 µg/Nm3 - 225 µg/Nm3,2. Carbon monoxide (CO): 228 µg/Nm3 - 508 µg/Nm33. Total Suspended Particulate (TSP): 105 ug/Nm3 -115 jig/Nm34. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2): 16,1 1.tg/Nm3 - 20,5 1.1g/Nm3, Organic parameters:5. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P): 485 ng/g - 4518, 1 ng/g,6. Benzene (C6H6) : 0 µglNm3 - 1 µg/Nm3.These data were analyzed using t test with an alpha (a) of 0, 05.Base on this test, all parameters indicate that there are significant concentration differences before and after experiments were conducted, except for hydrocarbon (HC):1,53 µglNm3 - 1,61 µglNm3.For these results, it is suggested that the use of coal briquette as an alternative fuel-could be applied with precautions on gaseous pollutants emitted."

"[Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir harga batubara kalori rendah (3000-4000 Kcal) turun hingga USD 35 per ton dari periode keemasannya yang sempat mencapai USD 60 per ton tahun 2011, apabila kita tarik dari periode 5 tahun ke belakang semenjak tahun 2010 maka terjadi penurunan 42%. Menurut penelitian yang telah di lakukan sebelumnya(Eko Hariyanto : Optimasi Cadangan Pemanfaatan Batubara Dalam Bauran Energi Nasional, Manajemen Energi UI,2014) mengatakan bahwa dengan mengkonversikan perusahaan batubara menjadi perusahaan energi dapat membantu menahan ekspor batubara dengan intensif yaitu memulihkan nilai ROI dari perusahaan batubara. Perusahaan batubara tersebut merupakan perusahaan skala besar dengan kekuatan modal yang besar pula, oleh karena itu penelitian (tesis) ini mencoba untuk mendapatkan perhitungan dan analisa keekonomian yang dapat digunakan untuk meneliti kelayakan perubahan perusahaan produsen batubara skala low-medium capacity menjadi perusahaan produsen listrik skala tertentu. Dengan melakukan perhitungan simulasi dan komparasi didapati bahwa perusahaan batubara PT Kalimantan Prima Persada selaku obyek penelitian dengan melakukan diversivikasi usaha dibidang pembangkit listrik tenaga uap skala 2x50 MW didapatkan nilai NPV dan IRR yang paling optimum dengan titik terendah perubahan harga batubara kalori rendah yang bernilai USD 26 per ton, makaneraca keuangan perusahaan masih bernilai positif, sebagai akibat adanya optimalisasi usaha antara penjualan batubara dan diversifikasi unit usaha bidang pembangkit energi listrik.;In recent years the price of low calorie coal (3000-4000 Kcal) fell by USD 35 pertonne from the golden period which reached USD 60 per tonne in 2011, when we pull out of the last 5 years period since the year 2010, the decrease at 42% , According to the research that has been done before (Eko Hariyanto: Optimization of Coal Utilization Reserves National Energy Mix, Energy Management UI, 2014) says that the company converting coal into energy companies can help withstand intensive coal exports arerecovering ROI value of the coal company. However, the coal company is a large-scale company with greater capital strength, therefore research (thesis) tries to get the economic calculations and analysis that can be used to examine the feasibility of change in coal producing companies low-medium scale capacity into electricity producer acertain scale. By performing simulation calculations and comparisons found that the coal company PT Kalimantan Prima Persada as an object of research by doing business diversification in the field of thermal power plant 2x50 MW scale, NPV and IRR values obtained optimum with the lowest point of low grade coal price change which is worth USD 26 per tons of the company's balance sheet is still worth a plus, as a result of optimization of business between coal sales and diversification of the electrical generation business unit., In recent years the price of low calorie coal (3000-4000 Kcal) fell by USD 35 pertonne from the golden period which reached USD 60 per tonne in 2011, when we pull outof the last 5 years period since the year 2010, the decrease at 42% , According to theresearch that has been done before (Eko Hariyanto: Optimization of Coal UtilizationReserves National Energy Mix, Energy Management UI, 2014) says that the companyconverting coal into energy companies can help withstand intensive coal exports arerecovering ROI value of the coal company. However, the coal company is a large-scalecompany with greater capital strength, therefore research (thesis) tries to get theeconomic calculations and analysis that can be used to examine the feasibility of changein coal producing companies low-medium scale capacity into electricity producer acertain scale. By performing simulation calculations and comparisons found that the coalcompany PT Kalimantan Prima Persada as an object of research by doing businessdiversification in the field of thermal power plant 2x50 MW scale, NPV and IRR valuesobtained optimum with the lowest point of low grade coal price change which is worthUSD 26 per tons of the company's balance sheet is still worth a plus, as a result ofoptimization of business between coal sales and diversification of the electricalgeneration business unit.]"

"This paper describes an abundant coal resource of Indonesia, consumption, production and its ekspor. It describes brieffly the complexity of development arrangement and priority setting in RAPBN, includes the large amount of subsidy - especially oil - which has to be taken into account each year....."