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"This study seeks to explain the process of Audit Board article amendment in the constitutional reform as the source of current BPK’s performance, by answering questions: how much do informal networks influence constitutional maker’s decision and to what extent do the external pressures influence the informal networks on the amendment of Audit Board article? This study used a quantitative method to develop variables of social networks in examining how much informal networks based on ideational informal networks influence constitutional makers’ voting between 1999 and 2001 in six meetings which contained voting out of 39 meetings of the Audit Board article amendment. Illustrating statistically significant results of the influence of ideational informal networks on the constitutional makers’ decisions and the influence of high political effect (president’s preference) and strong party pressure on the ideational informal networks, this study shows that “the progressive liberal bloc” which can enforce constitutional reform – particularly Audit Board article though not full-scale reform – within the “ineffective formal institution” as it happened in transition era, has shown how informality’s outcome is in line with formality’s outcome, so it causes improved performance of Audit Board today. Because the statistical evidence talks to broader topics about the people representative bodies and governance, this study suggests paying more attention to the factors of constitutional makers’ networks, on and off the meetings of constitutional reform."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis normatif terhadap kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam pengujian konstitusional undang-undang ratifikasi. Sebagaimana diketahui, kebutuhan kerjasama antarnegara berkembang secara signifikan dalam berbagai aspek. Dalam rangka mengadopsi dan mengimplementasi setiap perjanjian yang disetujui di tingkat bilateral, regional, dan multilateral, Indonesia wajib melakukan ratifikasi melalui legislasi nasional. Akan tetapi, produk hukum hasil ratifikasi perjanjian internasional bukan merupakan produk legislasi meskipun secara hierarki kedudukannya dikategorikan sebagai undang-undang. Hal ini disebabkan, sifat undang-undang ratifikasi itu sendiri terutama dalam hal substansi, yaitu adanya perbedaan karakteristik dengan undang-undang yang berlaku pada umumnya. Atas hal itu, pengujian terhadap undang-undang ratifikasi sepatutnya tidak dapat dilakukan mengingat persoalan yang dapat ditimbulkan. 

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This research attempts to analyze normatively the jurisdiction of Constitutional Court in doing constitutional review towards ratification act. As we know, the need of cooperation between countries is increasing significantly in variant aspects. In order to adopt and implement every single agreement that has been agreed in bilateral, regional, and multilateral level, Indonesia needs to ratify through national legislation. However, the product of ratification of international treaty is not legislation product law even though it is equally extended to the act based on hierarchy.  This caused by the nature of ratification act itself mainly in the substances area, in which comprehensively different with characteristics of common act applied.  Therefore, the examination of ratification act could not be done since it may disclose problematic decision."