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"International Monetary Fund (IMF) hadir sebagai institusi internasional yang bertujuan untuk mengatur masalah keuangan global melalui berbagai kerja sama maupun kesepakatan. Akan tetapi dalam perjalanannya terjadi beberapa ketidaksesuaian dan permasalahan yang mengundang kritik dari berbagai pihak dan menuntut tanggapan dari IMF sebagai institusi yang aktif dalam sistem internasional. Berdasarkan konteks tersebut, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan literatur-literatur yang memberikan kritik terhadap IMF dari berbagai sisi, beserta tanggapan yang diberikan oleh IMF kepada kritik tersebut. Jenis literatur yang digunakan di dalam tulisan ini adalah artikel jurnal, bab dalam buku, dan buku. Tinjauan literatur akademik ini menggunakan metode pengorganisasi taksonomi dari 28 literatur akademik yang dikelompokkan ke dalam dua tema besar, yaitu (1) Kritik terhadap IMF atas tiga objek utama yaitu paradigma, struktur institusi dan program; (2) Tanggapan IMF terhadap Kritik Tulisan ini menemukan dua konsensus, yaitu posisi IMF sebagai intitsui keuangan primer dalam sistem internasional dan kebutuhan reformasi yang harus dilakukan oleh IMF. Adapun perdebatan yang hadir dalam literatur terutama terrkait efektivitas respons. Berdasarkan hal tersebut studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa walaupun kritik diberikan secara terpisah, permasalahan yang menjadi objek kritik memiliki akar permasalahan yang saling berkaitan, sehingga permasalahan tersebut membutuhkan solusi-solusi yang dirumuskan secara bersamaan.

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international institution that aims to regulate global financial issues through various collaborations and agreements. However, throughout its journey, there have been several inconsistencies and problems that have invited criticism from various parties, demanding a response from the IMF as an active institution in the international system. Based on this context, this article aims to map literature that provides criticism of the IMF from various perspectives, along with the IMF's responses to those criticisms. The types of literature used in this article are journal articles, book chapters, and books. This academic literature review utilizes a taxonomy organizing method of 28 academic literatures grouped into two major themes: (1) Criticism of the IMF regarding three main objects, namely paradigms, institutional structure, and programs; (2) IMF's response to criticism. This article finds two consensuses: the position of the IMF as the primary financial institution in the international system and the need for reform that the IMF must undertake. The debates present in the literature primarily revolve around the effectiveness of responses. Based on these findings, this study concludes that although criticisms are given separately, the issues being criticized have interconnected roots, requiring solutions that are formulated collectively."

"Here James Rickards explores the future of the international monetary system. In the last hundred years, the international financial system, the foundation for all global transactions, has collapsed three times - and it seems history is doomed to repeat itself. Rickards argues that 'money' and 'wealth' are very different things and while wealth relates to real assets, irresponsible governments and banks have spent decades abstracting and manipulating the definition of 'money' to suit their own ends"

"The function of scientific research is promoting the understanding of the world around us. In theory, anyway, the more we learn, the more potential we have of making our lives better. Thus, we have seen research in electronics provide us with computers, research in chemistry provide us with all manner of synthetics, and research in agriculture provide us with more food. Periodically, scientific research uncovers something that makes some of us uncomfortable. The discovery of the link between smoking and lung cancer and heart disease was not received well by the tobacco industry, and the link between global climate change and fossil fuel use has not been well received by the petroleum industry, to cite just two examples. Usually the response of those whose world has been disrupted by science is denial, often followed by attack on or ridicule of the science that has challenged them. In the long term, however, science usually turns out to be correct."

"Business diplomacy involves developing strategies for long-term, positive relationship building with governments, local communities, and interest groups, aiming to establish and sustain legitimacy and to mitigate the risks arising from all non-commercial or exogenous factors in the global business environment. "