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"The People{u2019}s Republic of China{u2019}s tax policies and international obligations are as multifaceted and dynamic as they are complex, developing closely with the nation{u2019}s rise to the world{u2019}s fastest-growing major economy. Today, after decades of reform and the entry into the World Trade Organization, China has developed regulatory systems that enable it to provide stable administration, including a tax structure. China{u2019}s main tax reform can be attributed to the enactment of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2008. Chinese tax regulations include direct taxes, indirect taxes, other taxes, and custom duties and from a collection point of view, China{u2019}s tax administration adopts a very devolved system, with revenue collected and shared between different levels of government in accordance with contracts between the different levels of the tax administration system. With respect to international treaties, China has established a network of bilateral tax treaties and regional free trade agreements. This publication describes in detail China{u2019}s complex tax system and policies, as well as major bilateral treaties in which China has entered into using country-by-country analysis. Lorenzo Riccardi is Tax Advisor and Certified Public Accountant specialized in international taxation. He is based in Shanghai, where he focuses on business and tax law, assisting foreign investments in East Asia. He is an auditor and an advisor for several corporate groups and he is partner and Head of Tax of the consulting firm GWA, specializing in emerging markets."

"Umumnya perencanaan pajak merujuk pada proses merekayasa usaha dan transaksi Wajib Pajak supaya utang pajak berada dalam jumlah yang minimal, tetapi masih dalam bingkai peraturan perpajakan. Upaya tersebut disebut sebagai penghindaran pajak tax avoidance. Pemerintah telah berupaya dalam mengatasi masalah penghindaran pajak yaitu dengan adanya pasal-pasal yang bertujuan sebagai pencegahan penghindaran pajak yang tertuang dalam Undang-undang Nomor 36 tahun 2008 Tentang Perubahan Keempat Atas Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1983 Tentang Pajak Penghasilan UU PPh, namun peraturan ini hanya dapat diterapkan pada transaksi tertentu yang bersifat khusus atau spesifik saja Specific Anti Avoidance Rule/SAAR, sehingga belum mampu sepenuhnya menyelesaikan masalah penghindaran pajak karena ketiadaan peraturan mengenai Peraturan Umum Anti Penghindaran Pajak General Anti Avoidance Rule/GAAR yang hingga saat ini belum dapat dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif yang menghasilkan kajian preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa Indonesia perlu membuat Peraturan Umum Pencegahan Penghindaran Pajak atau General Anti Avoidance Rule GAAR yang terintegrasi dalam Undang-undang Pajak Penghasilan, yang memberikan definisi mengenai tax avoidance, acceptable tax avoidance, unacceptable tax avoidance, dan tax evasion demi mencapai kepastian hukum bagi fiskus dan Wajib Pajak, karena tax avoidance sering disalahgunakan untuk hal-hal yang merugikan penerimaan negara.

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Generally, the tax planning refers to the process of business implementation planned and Tax Payer transaction, that the tax debt is in minimal amounts, but still in the tax regulations frame. That efforts is frequently called ldquo tax avoidance rdquo . The government has sought to tackle the problem of tax avoidance in Indonesia, with provisions aimed at the anti tax avoidance in the Law No. 36 Year 2008 on Fourth Amendment on Law Number 7 of 1983 on Tax income Income Tax Act, but this provision can be applied to certain transactions that are special or specific course Specific Anti Avoidance Rule SAAR , so it has not been able to completely solve the problem of tax avoidance in the absence of regulations on the General Anti Avoidance Tax Rules General Anti Avoidance Rule GAAR, which until now have not been able to be issued by the government. This research is a normative study which results a prescriptive study.

The results of the study suggest that Indonesia needs to General Anti Avoidance Rule GAAR integrated in the Law of Income Tax, which provide a definition of tax avoidance, acceptable tax avoidance, unacceptable tax avoidance and tax evasion in order to achieve certainty law for the tax authorities and the taxpayer, for tax avoidance often missued things that are detrimental to the state revenue."