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"Pembahasan mengenai peran Bank Dunia sebagai aktor pembangunan internasional berkembang sejak diperkenalkannya institusi tersebut pada Konferensi Bretton Woods pada 1944. Kehadirannya memunculkan kajian pembangunan internasional yang memperdebatkan peran Bank Dunia sebagai aktor sentral melalui mekanisme pinjaman dan publikasi pengetahuan pembangunan internasional. Tinjauan pustaka ini berupaya untuk memetakan dan merangkum ragam pandangan dari 44 literatur internasional, yang telah melalui proses peer-review dan relevan dalam pembahasan mengenai Bank Dunia sebagai aktor pembangunan internasional. Tinjauan pustaka ini dibuat dengan metode taksonomi dan berusaha menjawab rumusan masalah, yakni bagaimana perkembangan literatur mengenai peran Bank Dunia sebagai aktor pembangunan internasional? Pemetaan literatur menunjukkan adanya tiga tema utama, yaitu: (1) identitas dan tata kelola Bank Dunia; (2) perkembangan diskursus pembangunan Bank Dunia; dan (3) implementasi kebijakan Bank Dunia di negara-negara berkembang. Melalui tema-tema tersebut, tinjauan pustaka ini berupaya menelusuri konsensus, perdebatan, dan kesenjangan yang terdapat dalam topik ini secara luas, seperti dominasi pemangku kepentingan tertentu dalam tata kelola Bank Dunia dan dampak multidimensional dari kebijakan pembangunan. Tinjauan pustaka ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa literatur mengenai Bank Dunia sebagai aktor pembangunan internasional menyajikan argumentasi yang berbasis pada pendekatan HI, khususnya ekonomi politik internasional, dan kajian pembangunan internasional, serta didominasi oleh pembahasan mengenai implementasi kebijakan seperti strucutral adjustment program. Tulisan ini kemudian merekomendasikan eksplorasi penelitian terhadap topik-topik pembangunan internasional yang melibatkan institusi internasional dan negara-negara berkembang dalam periode kontemporer, serta mendorong pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan evaluasi dan kritik terhadap kebijakan pembangunan internasional.

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Since its establishment at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, there have been discussions about the World Bank as an international development actor. International development studies debate how the World Bank positions itself as a central actor through lending mechanisms and development-related research publications. Therefore, this literature review seeks to map and summarize the views of 44 peer-reviewed international literature, which provide relevant discussions about the World Bank as an international development actor. Based on the taxonomy method, this paper attempts to answer the formulation of the main problem, namely, how are works of literature regarding the role of the World Bank as an international development actor developed? The literature mapping shows that there are three main themes, namely: (1) the identity and governance of the World Bank; (2) the development of the World Bank's development discourses; and (3) the implementation of World Bank policies in developing countries. Through these themes, this literature review seeks to broadly explore the consensus, debate, and gaps in this topic, such as the domination of certain stakeholders in the governance of the World Bank and the multidimensional impact of development policies. This paper found that works of literature on the World Bank as an international development actor present arguments based on the main approaches to international relations, especially in the realm of international political economy, international development studies, and are dominated by discussions on policy implementation, such as structural adjustment programs. This paper then recommends exploring research on international development topics involving developing countries and encouraging the Indonesian government to participate in knowledge production of development topics and critically reviewing developmental policies."

"Tesis ini membahas pergeseran fokus bantuan Bank Dunia di Indonesia yang mulai condong ke arah pengembangan sistem keuangan pemerintah pasca krisis ekonomi pada tahun 1998. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pergeseran fokus tersebut terjadi karena dorongan kepentingan rezim keuangan internasional dan perubahan paradigma ekonomi. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini juga menjelaskan kepentingan-kepentingan yang mendasari ketertarikan Bank Dunia mengembangkan sistem keuangan pemerintah di Indonesia.

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In 2014 the World Bank's involvement in Indonesia development process has reached its sixth decade. And during that period, there are some notable shifts in their orientation. A significant one which is the focus of this study was the one that happened after Indonesian economic crisis in 1998. Using a qualitative literature research method, this study has found that the World Bank focus on the development of public financial system, was a reaction from the new paradigm as well as a response to regime demand to monitor everchanging economy in large developing country such as Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKKebijakan pinjaman dari Bank Dunia merupakan objek yang rentan dikritik oleh aktor-aktor dalam sistem internasional. Meskipun demikian, Bank Dunia sebagai rezim pembangunan memiliki mekanisme sendiri untuk beradaptasi dengan konteks permasalahan ekonomi politik internasional. Pinjaman kebijakan pembangunan (DPL) yang diformalisasikan pada tahun 2004 berfungsi untuk menggantikan pinjaman penyesuaian struktural (SAL). Dengan memetakan aktor yang berperan dalam perubahan dimensi normatif dari norma kebijakannya, maka perubahan kebijakan yang terjadi akan direfleksikan sebagai hasil dari perubahan paradigma pembangunan yang mempengaruhi institusi Bank Dunia.

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ABSTRACTWorld Bank lending policy is a vulnerable point, which often criticized by different actors in international system. But as an international regimes working in the realm of development, World Bank has its own mechanism to adjust its activities with the wider context of issues in international political economy. Development policy lending (DPL) was formalized in 2004, as a replacement for the structural adjustment lending (SAL). By identifying the actors who support the change in normative dimension of its policy norms, therefore policy change that happened will be observed as a consequence of paradigm change that influenced the practice of World Bank."

"Solomon memorably defined philosophy itself as ?the thoughtful love of life?, and despite the diversity of his output, he was most drawn by central questions about the meaning of life, the essential role that emotions play in finding that meaning, and the human imperative to seek ?emotional integrity?, in which one?s thoughts, emotions, and actions all contribute to a coherent narrative. The essays included here draw attention to the interconnections between the issues Solomon addressed, and evince the manner in which he embodied that integrity, living a life at one with his philosophy. They emphasize the central themes of passion, ethics, and spirituality, which threaded through his work, and the way these ideas informed his views on how we should approach grief and death."