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"The number of iron sand reserves is mostly spread in the coastal waters of Indonesia, from the coast of Sumatra, the southern of Java to Bali, the beaches of Sulawesi, beaches in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and the northern coast of Papua. Total reserves for ore are 173,810,612 tons and metal as much as 25,412,652.62 tons. But its utilization was not optimal because PT. Krakatau Steel, and PT. Krakatau Posco has produced steel plates only 24,000 to 36,000 tons per year. While the need for steel plates for the shipping industry each year requires 900,000 tons per year. With the need for raw material for steel plates in the form of iron sponges with Fe ≥ 60%, PT. Krakatau Steel is still imported from abroad. The proof is PT. Krakatau Steel before and during the year 2000 still imported Iron Ore Pellets from the countries of Sweden, Chille and Brazil for 3,500,000 tons per year. This condition is the cause of the national steel industry unable to compete with the foreign steel industry because imported raw materials are subject to import duties. This is an opportunity to build a steel raw material company because all this time the steel raw material industry in Indonesia has only two companies. This condition encourages the manufacture of iron sponges, with the process of making iron sponges with technology adapted to installed production capacity. This study analysed the manufacture of iron sponges using Cipatujah iron sand, as raw material for the manufacture of iron sponges, with the results obtained in the form of iron sponges with the highest levels of Fe ≥60.44%. This can be used for the purposes of raw materials for steel making PT. Krakatau Steel (PT. KS), because so far PT. KS claims that Fe <60% local sponge iron products. This can encourage the independence of steel raw materials, which impacts on the independence of the defence industry. But the government must also protect and prioritize steel raw materials for national production for national steel production. With the national government steel industry, the consortium of vendors supplying raw material (iron sponge) to maintain the quality and supply of continuous sponge iron."

"Jepang mulai tertarik pada Manchuria sejak berhasil mengalahkan Cina pada peperangan yang terjadi di tahun 1895 dan berhasil membentuk negara boneka di wilayah tersebut pada tahun 1932. Negara boneka itu disebut dengan Manchukuo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana terbentuknya negara boneka Manchukuo, dampak yang ditimbulkan bagi rakyat Cina, serta reaksi dari rakyat Cina terutama Partai Nasionalis Cina (PNC) dan Partai Komunis Cina (PKC). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain yaitu, pembentukan Manchukuo tidak terlepas dari peranan tentara Guangdong yang merupakan tentara pendudukan Jepang di wilayah Manchuria; pembentukan Manchukuo juga menempatakan rakyat Manchuria dalam posisi yang semakin sulit karena sektor-sektor ekonomi dan fasilitas umum didominasi oleh Jepang; dan meskipun ada usaha dari PNC dan PKC untuk merebut kembali Manchuria, namun hal tersebut tidak pernah berhasil sampai dengan kekalahan Jepang dari Sekutu di tahun 1945.

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Japan has started to give interest to Manchuria since it succeeded defeating China in a war which happened in 1895 and succeeded forming a puppet state in that area in 1932. The puppet state is called Manchukuo. The purpose of this research is to discover how the puppet state of Manchukuo was formed, the effects for the Chinese, and also the reactions from the Chinese, especially Chinese Nationalist Party and Chinese Communist Party. The research method which is used in this research is literary review. This research discovers that Guangdong Army which was the Japanese army had a role in the formation of Manchukuo; the formation of Manchukuo also put the people of Manchuria in a difficult position because the economic sectors and public facilities were dominated by Japan; although there was an effort from Chinese Nationalist Party and Chinese Communist Party to retake Manchuria, that effort was never successful until Japan was defeated by the allies in 1945."

"This book highlights the production of green composites from various sustainable raw materials. We now live in an environmentally conscious era, in which sustainable raw materials (renewable, biodegradable, recycled), sustainable processing sequences, the production of recyclable and biodegradable products, and avoiding the depletion of renewable resources are key considerations with regarding to producing any product. The textile sector is no exception. Accordingly, this book addresses these aspects in connection with textiles, and discusses how they can be actively practiced."