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"After more than six decades, the growth oriented development strategy has failed to develop peoples essentialwell being, social equality and better quality of socio cultural life. United Nations called it: jobless, ruthless,rootless, voiceless, and futureless growth (UNDP, 1997). Recently, several new development approaches hasbeen introduced, such as People Centered Development, MDGs, Human Development, but those approaches areproposing more for the enhancement of some social sectors, rather than being oriented into developing a goodsociety. Herewith, in this article a more sociological conceptualization of social development is introduced byemphasizing that developing human being has to be done through developing the basic elements of social life,namely structure, culture and process of the society. The purpose of this paper is to propose and discuss the newand the more sociological concept of social development. An action research has been conducted to exploresome empirical evidence of social development practices implemented in Surakarta city as an illustration."

"The kinetics of aluminumleaching from sludge solid waste (SSW) using hydrochloric acid at differentleaching temperatures (30-90°C) was studied. A mathematical model was developed based on ashrinking core model by assuming first-order kinetics mechanisms for leachingand an equilibrium linear at the solid-liquidinterface. The proposed model is suited to fit experimental data with threefitting parameters and to simulate the leaching of aluminum from SSW, which wasvalidated with the mass transfer coefficient (kc, cm/s),diffusion coefficient (De,cm2/s), and reaction rate constants (k, cm/s). The evaluated kc,De, and k are expected to follow an increasingtrend with increasing temperature. The correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9795, theroot mean square error ≤ 0.399, the mean relative deviation modulus ≤ 6.415%,and the value of activation energy is 13.27 kJmol-1. The proposed model could describe the kinetics ofaluminum leaching from the SSW DWT in accordance with test parameters andrelevant statistical criteria. Valuable information on the results of this workcan be given for the purposes of the simulation, optimization, scaling-up, anddesign of the leachingprocess."

"The kinetics of aluminum leaching from sludge solid waste (SSW) using hydrochloric acid at different leaching temperatures (30-90°C) was studied. A mathematical model was developed based on a shrinking core model by assuming first-order kinetics mechanisms for leaching and an equilibrium linear at the solid-liquid interface. The proposed model is suited to fit experimental data with three fitting parameters and to simulate the leaching of aluminum from SSW, which was validated with the mass transfer coefficient (kc , cm/s), diffusion coefficient (De, cm2/s), and reaction rate constants (k, cm/s). The evaluated kc , De , and k are expected to follow an increasing trend with increasing temperature. The correlation coefficient ? 0.9795, the root mean square error ? 0.399, the mean relative deviation modulus ? 6.415%, and the value of activation energy is 13.27 kJmol-1. The proposed model could describe the kinetics of aluminum leaching from the SSW DWT in accordance with test parameters and relevant statistical criteria. Valuable information on the results of this work can be given for the purposes of the simulation, optimization, scaling-up, and design of the leaching process."