"Many studies of the history of South East Asian countries
(particularly indonesia) never or just pay a seam attention an the writing of
the history (historiography) fries to raise the demographic issues. If is then
comprehensible that inadequate understanding of the issues does nat bring
about a significant change in the course of the historiographic processes in
South East Asian. The demographic issues may be not given or a new for
social .sciences such as anthropology, sociology, and geography.
Conversely, demography becomes increasingly special when the history
uses it to reconstruct the past events. The existing experiences pieced mare
emphasis an the demographic issues as set of figures from time to time
having no significant roles in disclosing the historical events, The
demographic issues generally represent smallest effects compared with
other political issues, war, ethical conflict, and the major issues having
substantive effects. The understanding and reconstruction of the history as
the past events are more often interpreted as dialogical process between the
state and power. The history of identification with social reality of
demography is only accommodated a small pattern of various histories
issues which in general is strictly confined to romanticism of the nation
people without demographic sense, This might he the Case since the data
indicate the high population growth, high birth, and high immortality in the
past. In general, women and children living in several residencies such as
Kedu, Surakarta, and Surabaya have lower survival rate in the course of
the second half of the nineteenth century throughout twentieth century as
reflected in mortality rate experienced by two groups (women and Children)
in several different places Such as in Kedu, Surakarta, and Surabaya in
1916-1921. However, there is a serious problem in the source validity related to quantitive where some historians are still doubt about
their consistencies. Therefore, to overcome vacancy in the sources of data
in several periods, some historians use the oral sources through interview as
they do in revealing some problems in Surabaya. This method is
particularly undertaken by combining quantitative and qualitative sources
"
