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"Interest in the temporal fluctuations of biological populations can be traced to the dawn of civilization. How can mathematics be used to gain an understanding of population dynamics? This monograph introduces the theory of structured population dynamics and its applications, focusing on the asymptotic dynamics of deterministic models. This theory bridges the gap between the characteristics of individual organisms in a population and the dynamics of the total population as a whole. In this monograph, many applications that illustrate both the theory and a wide variety of biological issues are given, along with an interdisciplinary case study that illustrates the connection of models with the data and the experimental documentation of model predictions. The author also discusses the use of discrete and continuous models and presents a general modeling theory for structured population dynamics. Cushing begins with an obvious point: individuals in biological populations differ with regard to their physical and behavioral characteristics and therefore in the way they interact with their environment. Studying this point effectively requires the use of structured models. Specific examples cited throughout support the valuable use of structured models. Included among these are important applications chosen to illustrate both the mathematical theories and biological problems that have received attention in recent literature."

"Terdapatnya upaya tangkap udang dogol (Metapenaeus ensis, De Haan 1844 ) di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya yang berlebih maka perlu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika populasi, tingkat pemanfaatan dan optimasi pemanfaatan udang dogol di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya dari bulan Januari 2013 sampai Desember 2014. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel udang dogol yang tertangkap oleh alat tangkap arad dan trammel net. Analisis dinamika populasi menggunakan program FiSAT II dan pengkajian potensi lestari dianalisis dengan menggunakan model surplus produksi dalam menentukan Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). Optimasi pemanfaatan dilakukan dengan analisis Linier Programming terhadap aspek-aspek yang terkait dengan pemanfaatan udang dogol. Udang dogol di perairan ini memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif, dengan nilai Lc > Lm yang menunjukkan sebagian besar udang dogol yang tertangkap di perairan ini sudah memijah. Nilai parameter pertumbuhan yaitu L∞: 55.8 mm, K: 1,18 per tahun, to: 0,1129, Z: 7,09 per tahun, M: 0,8 per tahun, F: 6,29 per tahun, dan E: 0,88. Nilai E menunjukkan tingkat pemanfaatan sudah melebihi batas ekploitasi dan sudah terjadi overfishing. Pendugaan MSY dan f-Opt sebesar 57 ton/tahun dan 392 unit alat tangkap standar trammel net. Skenario optimasi pemanfaatan udang dogol di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya yang paling menguntungkan dan lestari adalah dengan mengoperasikan 392 unit jaring trammel net dengan keuntungan Rp. 35,2 milyar per tahun.

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There were an excessive fishing effort of greasyback shrimp (Metapenaeus Ensis, De Haan 1844) in Cilacap Waters, so it is necessary to study the population dynamics, the level of utilization and optimization of greasyback shrimp in Cilacap waters. Research was conducted in Cilacap and surrounding waters from January 2013 to December 2014. The method used was survey method using samples of Greasyback Shrimp that were caught by fishing gear Arad and trammel net. Analysis of population dynamics used FiSAT II program. Assessment of the maximum sustainable yield was analyzed using surplus production models in order to determine the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). The optimization of the utilization of Linear Programming was done using analysis of aspects related to the use of greasyback shrimp.

Greasyback Shrimp growth in the Cilacap waters moreover negative allometric, with a value of Lc> Lm which show that most of Greasyback Shrimp caught with fishing gear used in waters Cilacap already in spawning condition. Value of growth parameters L∞: 55.8 mm, K: 1.18 per year, to: 0.1129, Z: 7.09 per year, M: 0.8 per year, F: 6.29 per year, and E: 0.88. The value of E indicate that the utilization rate has exceeded the limits of exploitation (overfishing). Base on surplus production models analysis estimation of MSY was 57 tons / year while f-Opt for and 392 units using standard trammel net fishing gear. Optimization scenarios of Greasyback Shrimp in the Cilacap waters was the use of the most profitable and sustainable ways to operate 392 units trammel nets with a net profit of Rp. 35.2 billion per year."