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"The ratio of Non-Performing Loan (NPL) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is still a measure of bank soundness in various countries including Indonesia. Interdependence across bank condition, diversity of the size, market structure within banking industry, and macroeconomic variables, may be very complex and dynamic. This paper utilizes the advantage of PVAR model on capturing this complexity to analyze the dynamic relationship between the macroeconomic variables and the soundness of the banks.The result shows NPL of banks with small asset will increases rapidly when interest rate fluctuates. For banks with large asset, the increase in interest rates leads to larger reduction on their CAR. On the other hand, the result show banks with smaller capital are less able to adapt quickly to an increase in NPL due to exchange rate depreciation, therefore banks with smaller capital should be cautious about the exchange rate risk."

"This book gives insight on the dynamics and route of economic policies that have been taken and implemented since the point of institutional reforms in 1998 that is triggered from the context of financial crisis in 1997/​1998. The condition that brought different paradigm on the landscape of economic and development policies, especially on the case of monetary and financial structure, international trade sector, manufacturing sector, taxes administration policy, and the evolved context of decentralization and development of public sector policies in general.Given state of current economic development, this book offers suggestions to address economic issues that require improvements. This book is unique as: 1) it is about Indonesia, a country that mostly affected by 1997/​1998 financial crisis, which also lead to a change in regime, 2) It cover a broad range of thematic topics on sectors development and institutional changes from major policies that have been taken, 3) It posted both existing and future challenges on monetary and financial sectors, trade, manufacturing and competitiveness, as well as on development of decentralization policies"