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"ABSTRACTUnder nutrition among Vietnamese children is still a serious health problem. Growth retardation starts as early as 4 to 6 months of life and the prevalence of stunting has remained high (46.9% in 1994). It is documented that growth retardation during early childhood works through in adolescence and is rarely made up; it could also affect cognitive development of children, which eventually influence economic and human development. A longitudinal study on growth and development of Vietnamese children in Hanoi from birth to 17 years old was carried out from 1981 up to 1999.Objectives: To investigate the physical growth, maturation age and academic performance of Vietnamese children on a longitudinal basis from birth to 17 years old and observe their secular trends.Study design: A longitudinal observational study with 2 main cohorts: cohort A and cohort B.Subjects of the study:- Cohort A: 300 newborns, who fulfilled the selection criteria (gestational age from 38 to 42 weeks, birth weight 2500g, normal singleton birth without physical abnormalities, "Kish" ethnic group. mother's age: 20 to 35 years, and apparently healthy parents were randomly recruited and followed-up from birth to 17 years old (1981-1999).- Cohort B. 200 children, who fulfilled above-mentioned criteria, were randomly selected and followed-up, from birth to 12 months; and 200 children were followed-up, from 12 to 24 months (1997-1999).Monitoring of physical growth: Weight, height, feeding practices and diseases were recorded monthly from birth w 12 months, three monthly from 12 to 36 months, six monthly from 36 to 72 months, and annually thereafter until 17 years of age.Results: Mean body weight and height of children from both cohorts at birth were lower than the NCHS reference. Then their weight and height during the first 3-4 months (cohort A) and 5-6 months (cohort B) were comparable to NCHS reference data. However, these trends were going down on subjects' aged above 6 months onwards. Physical growth of the children in cohort B, who have been in better living conditions, health care and more appropriate feeding practices, was better than the other counterparts (cohort A) comparable to French Vietnamese in Paris (1986).The most intense period of growth retardation was observed in children aged 12 10 24 months. Children who were stunted during early childhood were still shorter than those non-stunted ones over observed period from birth to 17 years of age; the children who were stunted during childhood matured later and had lower academic performance than the well-nourished ones.Birth weight, diarrhea and ARI were found to be the main determinants /or nutritional status of the children. Nutritional status of the parents in cohort B was also better compared to that of cohort A, - and the nutritional status of the children, whose mothers were undernourished, was worse than that those of well nourished mothers. Long term effect of exclusive breast feeding on nutritional status of children leas observed in cohort A, however, it was correlated with WAZ of the children in cohort B only during the first 3 months of age.Conclusions: There was a positive secular trend in growth of Vietnamese children over the last 2 decades. There was a partial catch-up growth among the snorted children during adolescence. Birth weight, diarrhea and ARI were the main determinants for nutritional status of the young children. Exclusive breast-feeding determined nutritional status of children in cohort A over the period from birth to 24 months old, however, it was correlated with WAZ of the children in cohort B only during the first 3 months (Ore. Nutritional status of both children and mothers can he used as an indicator for quality of life. The stunted children at preschool age matured later and had lower academic performance than the non-stunted ones."

"Addressing public health problems of child malnutrition in Indonesia needs an appropriate integrated health and nutrition program. Positive Deviance Approach integrated with Posyandu TKA (Tumbuh Kembang Anak) offered an excellent opportunity to alleviate the health and malnutrition problem. A community trial study was conducted with a main objective to measure the effect of 3-month Positive Deviance Approach (PDA) integrated with posyandu TKA on growth of the children under five in Pandeglang District, Banten Province, Indonesia.This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 includes comprehensive reviews on the background of the study, rationale of the study, literature review, conceptual framework, hypothesis, objectives and variable indicator matrix.Part 2 covers the manuscript for publication with a title of "The Effectiveness of 3-months Positive Deviance Approach (PDA) integrated with Posyandu TKA (Tumbuh KembangAnak) on Growth of Underweight Children 6-59 months in Pandeglang District, Banten Province, Indonesia". It is written and formatted in accordance with the instructions for author of The Journal of Nutrition.Part 3 shows the supporting documents including important results that are not included in the manuscript, detailed methodology, grant approval, curriculum vitae and list of references for this research. List of operational definition and abbreviation are also included as guide for the readers.It is hoped that the results of this study will serve as reference data and advocacy tool for intervention program to address under nutrition among children. It can also be use for planning and implementation of future programs especially for Posyandu Revitalization Program in Indonesia."

"Pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak balita sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya gangguan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sejak dini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak balita. Desain penelitian menggunakan “cross sectional”, yang melibatkan 100 responden yaitu ibu dan anak balita usia 0-59 bulan di Kota Jambi. Instrumen menggunakan kuesioner tentang karakteristik responden, alat pengukur berat badan, tinggi badan dan lingkar kepala beserta kuesioner, formulir KPSP, kuesioner stimulasi dan pola asuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara usia anak balita dengan perkembangan (p-value=0,014, α=0,05) dan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang stimulasi dengan perkembangan anak balita (p-value=0,030, α=0,05). Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah perlunya sosialisasi tentang stimulasi perkembangan anak kepada ibu yang memiliki balita di Kota Jambi.

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The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order to detect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identify factors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. The study design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and children aged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about the characteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference along with the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting.

The results showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and the development (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers' knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05). It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in Jambi City and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providing stimulation to their children."

"Tinggi badan merupakan salah satu pengukuran antropometri yang penting untuk memantau pertumbuhan dan status gizi anak. Pengukuran antropometri pengganti (surrogate anthropometric measurement) dibutuhkan dalam kondisi dimana pengukuran tinggi badan sulit untuk dilakukan dan tidak akurat. Penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model prediksi tinggi badan berdasarkan panjang ulna dan panjang kaki dengan menggunakan regresi linier. Sebanyak 49 orang anak laki-laki, dan 62 orang anak perempuan yang berasal dari 3 Pra TK/ TK di Depok, dilibatkan di dalam penelitian ini selama bulan April-Mei 2016. Tinggi badan diukur menggunakan stadiometer, panjang ulna menggunakan pita ukur non elastis, dan panjang kaki menggunakan kaliper kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat korelasi yang sedang dan kuat antara panjang ulna dengan tinggi badan (laki-laki r = 0.682, perempuan r = 0.461), korelasi yang kuat juga ditunjukkan pada panjang kaki kanan dengan tinggi badan (laki-laki r = 0.726, perempuan r = 0.770), dan korelasi yang sangat kuat pada panjang kaki kiri dengan tinggi badan (laki-laki r = 0.830, perempuan r = 0.740). Panjang ulna dan panjang kaki merupakan indikator tinggi badan yang baik, akan tetapi, model prediksi tinggi badan berdasarkan panjang kaki kiri memiliki akurasi yang lebih baik dan lebih mudah digunakan.

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Height is an essential anthropometric measurement to monitor growth and nutirional status in children. Surrogate anthropometric measurements are needed when height is unobtainable and unreliable. This cross-sectional study was aim to develop prediction models from ulna and foot length by using linear regression. Boys (n= 49) and girls (n= 62) from 3 preschools in Depok were recruited in this study from April-Mei 2016. Stadiometer was used to measure height, non elastic tape to measure ulna length, and a caliper to measure foot length.

The result of this study showed that there were a medium and strong correlation between ulna length and height (boys r = 0.682, girls r = 0.461), and right-foot length and height (boys r = 0.726, perempuan r = 0.770). Stronger correlation showed between left- foot length and height (boys r = 0.830, girls r = 0.740. Ulna and foot length are good predictors, however the prediction model based on left-foot length more accurate and easier to use than the prediction model based on ulna length."

"ABSTRAKStunting berdampak pada keterlambatan tingkat pertumbuhan serta keterhambatan perkembangan. Dampak akan terasa hingga masa dewasanya kelak, jika tidak diintervensi secara dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak intervensi responsive feeding terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan anak risiko usia 6-23 bulan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah randomized control trial RCT . Sampel pada penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 26 responden kelompok intervensi dan 26 responden kelompok kontrol yang dipilih dengan cara randomisasi blok. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji beda rata- rata. Penelitian ini menghasilkan adanya pengaruh intervensi yang ditunjukan oleh perbedaan nyata pada selisih tingkat pertumbuhan p value < 0.05 dan sebaran pada kelompok intervensi kategori anak risiko menurun 58 dan kontrol kategori anak risiko tetap 100 dengan p value < 0.05. Peneliti menyarankan agar dapat menjadi suatu metode pemberian MPASI yang berperan dalam menurunkan risiko stunting .

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ABSTRACTStunting impacts child rsquo s growing stage and developing delay which could be the series negative legacy when they grown up if the intervention it did not given an early intervention. This research has a purpose to discover the responsive feeding influence to the level of children rsquo s grow with risk in age 6 23 month. Randomized control trial RCT is the design used and randomized block strategy is chosen to take the sample by dividing 26 respondents in intervention groups and 26 respondents in control group in this research methodology. The data analysis to the research is done by mean different test. This research result shows the influence of responsive feeding stated the difference on the level of growing p value "

"ABSTRAKTaman Penitipan Anak (TPA) dapat menggantikan peran pengasuhan anak bagi pekerja perempuan saat jam kerja. TPA diharapkan mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak selama penggantian pengasuhan untuk mencegah risiko terhambatnya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang ditiitpkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran pengasuhan pengganti untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di TPA kota Depok. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan teknik sampling sensus pada semua lembaga TPA (n=26) di Kota Depok dengan uji proporsi. Sebesar 88,46 % TPA mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan pertumbuhan dan 96,15 % mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan perkembangan anak. Perawat anak diharapkan dapat bekerja sama untuk mengoptimakan penyelenggaraan pelayanan TPA dalam mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak.

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ABSTRACTDaycare can substitute the role of caring and educating from mother to during working hours. Daycare is expected to support the growth and development of children to prevent the risk of growth and development delayed. This study aims to determine the profile of substiute parenting for growth and development at daycare in Depok. Descriptive study with cross sectional design using census sampling techniques at all institutions of daycare (n = 26) in Depok with proportion test. The study showed that 88.46% daycare in Depok support the fulfillment of a child's growth. While 96.15% TPA in Depok support the fulfillment of the child's developmental needs. Pediatric nurses are expected to collaborate with daycare to optimalize fulfilling the growth and development needs of children."

" ABSTRAKPemberian stimulasi merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan orang tua dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Pijat bayi telah umum diterapkan pada anak secara turun-temurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu mengenai pijat bayi dan hubungannya terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia 6-24 bulan. Studi ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional pada subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu yang meliputi pengambilan data kuesioner pijat bayi, pengukuran berat badan dan panjang badan, serta pengisian kuesioner pra skrining perkembangan KPSP . Pada data pertumbuhan, dilakukan plotting ke kurva WHO. Dari sembilan puluh lima subjek penelitian, tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan secara statistik antara pengetahuan RP=0,852 [95 CI 0,097-7,487], p=1,000 , sikap p=0,590 , dan perilaku RP=0,160 [95 CI 0,019-1,314], p=0,089 ibu mengenai pijat bayi dengan kurva pertumbuhan panjang badan terhadap usia WHO. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan pula hubungan yang secara statistik bernilai signifikan antara pengetahuan RP=1,352 [95 CI 0,255-7,164], p=0,661 , sikap RP=1,600 [95 CI 0,294-8,708], p=0,631 , dan perilaku RP=0,371 [95 CI 0,097-1,418], p=0,230 terhadap kurva pertumbuhan panjang badan terhadap berat badan WHO. Demikian pula, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara pengetahuan RP=0,738 [95 CI 0,143-3,807], p=1,000 , sikap RP=1,670 [95 CI 0,369-7,547], p=0,679 , dan perilaku RP=1,497 [95 CI 0,571-3,923], p=0,567 ibu mengenai pijat bayi dengan tingkat perkembangan yang dinilai berdasarkan KPSP. Jumlah subjek penelitian yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku yang tinggi adalah sebanyak 86 90,5 , 87 91,6 , dan 58 65,2 , dengan hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu mengenai pijat bayi terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia 6-24 bulan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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ABSTRAKStimulation is given by parents to support their children rsquo s growth and development. Baby massage has been applied in common practice for generations. This research aims to discover mothers rsquo knowledge, attitude, and practice on baby massage and its rsquo association with the growth and development of 6 24 months old chlidren. This study adapted cross sectional study design on subjects that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Data collection, including filling in questionaires on baby massage, weight and height measurements, and KPSP, was done at Kelurahan Kampung Melayu. Growth measurment data were plotted on WHO growth charts. From ninety five subjects, there were no statistically significant association found between knowledge RP 0.852 95 CI 0.097 7.487 , p 1.000 , attitude p 0.590 , and practice RP 0.160 95 CI 0.019 1.314 , p 0.089 on baby massage with height for age WHO growth chart. There was also no statistically significant association found between knowledge RP 1.352 95 CI 0.255 7.164 , p 0.661 , attitude RP 1.600 95 CI 0.294 8.708 , p 0.631 , and practice RP 0.371 95 CI 0.097 1.418 , p 0.230 on baby massage with weight for height WHO growth chart. Lastly, we found no statistically significant association between knowledge RP 0.738 95 CI 0.143 3.807 , p 1.000 , attitude RP 1.670 95 CI 0.369 7.547 , p 0.679 , and practice RP 1.497 95 CI 0.571 3.923 , p 0.567 on baby massage with level of development, represented with KPSP data. Total subjects with high level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on baby massage are 86 90.5 , 87 91.6 , and 58 65.2 , with no statistically significant association between knowledge, attitude, and practice on baby massage with growth and development. "