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"Jatuh miskin karena sakit adalah situasi yang lazim terjadi. Biaya perawatan kesehatan menjadi beban keuangan yang tidak dapat diprediksi dan bersifat katastropik. Asuransi kesehatan umum digunakan sebagai bagian dari perencanaan keuangan guna memberikan proteksi keuangan dan pengelolaan risiko. Asuransi kesehatan sosial merupakan jenis asuransi kesehatan yang dapat dijangkau oleh seluruh kelompok masyarakat, termasuk kelompok miskin yang sulit menjangkau asuransi kesehatan swasta. Akan tetapi, peran dan fungsi asuransi kesehatan sosial belum dapat terjelaskan dengan baik, terutama di Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) yang memiliki skema asuransi kesehatan sosial yang masih prematur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran asuransi kesehatan sosial dalam memberikan proteksi keuangan di tiga LMICs yang berada di kawasan Asia Tenggara, yakni Indonesia, Filipina, dan Kamboja. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga melakukan analisis lanjutan terkait variasi cakupan asuransi kesehatan sosial guna memetakan ketimpangan antarkelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data dari IFLS dan DHS yang diolah menggunakan metode IV-2SLS, Quantile Regression, dan Logistic. Hasil penelitian menemukan hanya program asuransi kesehatan sosial di Indonesia dan Kamboja yang berhasil memberikan proteksi keuangan bagi rumah tangga, sedangkan asuransi kesehatan sosial di Filipina hanya memberikan proteksi keuangan bagi pengobatan rawat inap. Walau demikian, cakupan asuransi kesehatan sosial di Indonesia dan Filipina masih terkonsentrasi pada kuintil kekayaan yang makin tinggi. Adapun, asuransi kesehatan sosial di Kamboja masih terlimitasi dengan tingkat cakupan yang masih sangat rendah.

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Impoverishment due to illness is a common case. Health care costs are often unpredictable and become catastrophic financial burden for households. Health insurance is generally used in financial planning to provide financial protection and risk management. As part of health insurance, social health insurance has the ability to reach all levels of society, including the poor who are unable to use private health insurance. However, the role and function of social health insurance cannot be well explained, especially in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) which have premature social health insurance schemes. This study aims to explore the role of social health insurance in providing financial protection in three LMICs in Southeast Asia, namely Indonesia, the Philippines, and Cambodia. In addition, this study also conducted further analysis related to variations in social health insurance coverage in order to map inequality between groups. This study uses data from IFLS and DHS which are processed using IV-2SLS, Quantile Regression, and Logistic methods. The results found that only social health insurance programs in Indonesia and Cambodia have succeeded in providing financial protection for households, whereas social health insurance in the Philippines provide financial protection only for the inpatient groups. However, social health insurance coverage in Indonesia and the Philippines is still concentrated in higher wealth quintiles. Meanwhile, social health insurance in Cambodia is still limited with a very low level of coverage."

"This book aims to present the first comprehensive synthesis of the context and impact of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to offer insights on successful and sustainable interventions and policies that work for at-risk populations. It includes 12 chapters divided into 3 parts. Part I focuses on the state of the problem and state of knowledge on the epidemiology and burden of the major NCDs. Three chapters review the epidemiology and burden of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (Chapter 1), cancers (Chapter 2) and neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Parkinson's disease (Chapter 4). Two chapters focus on the co-morbid and multi-morbid interactions between the major NCDs and infectious diseases like HIV, tuberculosis and malaria (Chapter 3) and mental health disorders (Chapter 5). Part II focuses on best practices and innovation in research and intervention. Four chapters discuss key issues on this theme including health systems strengthening (Chapter 6), population surveillance (Chapter 7), community-based interventions (Chapter 8) and self-help approaches to NCD care (Chapter 9). Part III focuses on policy development and implementation. Three chapters offer a comprehensive analysis of existing policies relevant to NCD prevention and control. They focus on policies that work, as well as discussing the lessons that can be learned from infectious disease control (Chapter 10), NCD control in high-income countries (Chapter 11) and the current policy issues and activities arising from the 2011 UN High Level Meeting on NCDs and leading to a post-2015 global health agenda (Chapter 12)."

"Both developing countries and those in transition struggle to meet the health needs of their populations with minimal resources available. Planning by the public sector should enable decisions to be made, but is often poorly practised. This book provides accessible techniques to improve planning processes and puts this in the wider global context."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional dengan menganalisis pendapatan iuran dan beban Dana Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan tahun 2014-2018 untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya defisit. Data kualitatif penelitian ini adalah hasil wawancara dengan pihak internal BPJS Kesehatan sedangkan data kuantitatif adalah laporan keuangan DJS Kesehatan dan BPJS Kesehatan dari tahun 2014-2018. Berdasarkan analisis pendapatan iuran dan pendapatan yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa pendapatan iuran dalam lima tahun terakhir lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan beban biaya manfaat yang dibayarkan. Biaya manfaat yang paling menyerap beban manfaat BPJS Kesehatan adalah pelayanan pada rawat inap tingkat lanjutan. Rawat inap tingkat lanjutan ini merujuk pada Rumah Sakit yang bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan.

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This study aimed to evaluate the National Health Insurance program by analyzing the health income and expenses of DJS Kesehatan to determine the cause of the deficit. The qualitative data of this study are the results of interviews with internal of BPJS Kesehatan, while quantitative data are the financial reports of the DJS Health and BPJS Kesehatan year 2014-2018. The analysis showed that health income in the last five years was lower than the cost of benefits paid by BPJS Kesehatan. The cost of benefits that most absorbs the burden of benefits of BPJS Health is service at advanced hospitalization which refers to the hospital in collaboration with BPJS Kesehatan."

"Kanker payudara adalah salah satu jenis kanker yang paling sering menyerang wanita. Sebagian besar wanita penderita kanker payudara datang ke tempat pengobatan dalam kondisi stadium lanjut, padahal kanker payudara dapat dideteksi secara dini dengan rutin melakukan Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gambaran praktik SADARI pada mahasiswi S1 reguler Universitas Indonesia tahun 2013 menggunakan pendekatan Health Belief Model. Sampel adalah 287 mahasiswi S1 reguler Universitas Indonesia dari 12 fakultas, diambil dengan metode estimasi proporsi dengan presisi relatif. Hasilnya, sebanyak 51.9% mahasiswi sudah melakukan SADARI, namun hanya 3.3% yang melakukannya secara rutin setiap bulan. Sementara itu variabel usia, pengetahuan, persepsi terhadap manfaat melakukan SADARI, persepsi terhadap hambatan melakukan SADARI, dan persepsi terhadap kemampuan diri melakukan SADARI menunjukkan hubungan yang signfikan dengan praktik SADARI.

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Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Most of the women with breast cancer visit the medical practitioner in late stadium, despite the fact that breast cancer can be detected by routinely doing breast self-examination (BSE). The purpose of the current study was to depict breast self-examination practice on undergraduate female students of Universitas Indonesia by using Health Belief Model (HBM) approach. Samples are 287 undergraduate female students of Universitas Indonesia from 12 faculties, calculated by estimating a population proportion with specified relative precision method. The results showed that 51.9% of the participants reported performing BSE, but only 3.3% that performed BSE regularly. Meanwhile, age, knowledge, perceived benefits of BSE, perceived barriers of BSE, and perceived self efficacy significantly associated to BSE practice."