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"Gangguan keseimbangan mikrobiota pada saluran pencernaan dapat menyebabkan dampak pada kesehatan. Upaya untuk menggunakan mikrobiota sebagai pengobatan dapat dilakukan salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan flora normal saluran pencernaan, sehingga meminimalkan kemungkinan gangguan yang tidak diharapkan. Penelitian sebelumnya telah berhasil mengisolasi beberapa bakteri dari mekonium neonatus, di antaranya Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus subtilis, dan Enterococcus hirae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi koktail ketiga bakteri untuk microbial therapeutic, dengan cara menguji daya saing koktail dengan tiga bakteri patogen saluran pencernaan, yaitu Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, dan Streptococcus mutans. Koktail bakteri dibuat dengan perbandingan Staphylococcus hominis : Bacillus subtilis :Enterococcus hirae 0,5 : 1 : 0,75 berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis daya saing dilakukan dengan Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay dan uji metode sumuran, agar kedua uji dapat saling mengkonfirmasi hasil analisis. Hasil uji DGIA dan metode sumuran menunjukkan adanya kemampuan koktail bakteri untuk bersaing dengan bakteri patogen berupa tidak terbentuknya zona penghambatan pertumbuhan satu dengan yang lain. Hasil metode sumuran terutama menunjukkan kemampuan koktail untuk bersaing yang tidak teramati pada bakteri individual berupa lingkaran jernih berbentuk cincin di sekitar sumuran.Hal ini menunjukkan potensi pengembangan lebih lanjut sebagai produk microbial therapeutic.

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Changesof the microbiota balance of the digestive system could impact health. One way to use microbial therapy is to use the commensal flora of the digestive system, minimalizing the chance of unwanted interactions. The previous study has isolatedseveral bacteria from neonatal meconium, i.e., Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus subtilis, andEnterococcus hirae.This study explores the potential of the coktail of the three bacteria to be developed as a microbial therapeutic on the digestive systemby conducting an inhibition assay with three indicator bacteria of the pathogenic digestive system, i.e.,Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, andStreptococcus mutans.The cocktail was made based on a previous study with the composition ofStaphylococcus hominis : Bacillus subtilis :Enterococcus hirae,i.e.,0,5: 1: 0,75, respectively. The inhibition analysis was carried out by performing a Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay (DGIA)and well diffusion method assay so that both assays can confirm the results of each other. The results of DGIA and well method assayshow the ability of the cocktail to inhibit the pathogenic bacteria by the inhibition zone not being formed. The well method assay in particular shows the cocktail having inhibition ability not observed by individual bacteria by the clear ring zone around the wells. Thisshows further development potential of the cocktail as a microbial therapeutic product."

"According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 90 million Americans suffer from digestive disorders. Drawing on the expertise of 25 practitioners, Optimal Digestive Health explores the symptoms, possible causes, medical testing, and effective treatments for 30 digestive disorders, from candida and colitis to ulcers. In addition, the authors explain the role digestion plays in many other health conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, headaches, mood swings, immune function, and skin problems. They provide clear information on detoxification, food allergies, and environmental factors, as well as meditation, qigong, and yoga. A step-by-step diet is offered to help readers moderate their carbohydrate intake and balance their blood sugar--keys to health and weight loss. Optimal Digestive Health demystifies the use of herbal therapies, acupuncture, biofeedback, and Ayurveda in the treatment of digestive disorders, pairing the best of mainstream medicine and complementary therapies with intelligent self-care for an integrated patient-centered approach to healing."

"Abstract:Epidemiology of Chronic Disease: Global Perspectives is the most current and authoritative resource on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors and preventive factors of forty common chronic diseases. This comprehensive text provides readers with an excellent basis for examining current hypotheses regarding chronic disease epidemiology. Organized into eight sections, the text begins with an introductory chapter examines the new public health environment in which chronic diseases have replaced acute infectious conditions concurrent with improved health care and increasing longevity in many populations of the world. Subsequent sections cover cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, major forms of cancer, diseases of the respiratory tract, metabolic and digestive diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and finally, three infectious diseases that often manifest as chronic conditions. Special sections in each chapter focus on controversial topics that can serve as a launching point for classroom discussion of molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and the relevant epidemiologic issues pertaining to the prevention and control of chronic diseases."

"Pendahuluan: Penyakit respirasi merupakan masalah kesehatan dengan angka kejadian tinggi di Indonesia. Penyakit respirasi kronik seperti asma, pneumonia, tuberkulosis, dan Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) juga merupakan penyebab mortalitas yang tinggi di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan rumah terhadap prevalensi penyakit respirasi kronik yaitu PPOK, batuk kronik, tuberkulosis paru, asma, pneumonia, dan infeksi fungal pada penghuni rumah susun di Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan alat ukur berupa kuesioner. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 120 keluarga yang tinggal di rumah susun menengah kebawah di Jakarta pada tahun 2012. Variabel lingkungan yang diteliti meliputi ventilasi, pencahayaan, kepadatan hunian, sarana sanitasi, suhu udara, dan kelembaban udara.Hasil: Dari 120 keluarga, didapatkan 513 data penghuni rumah susun dengan prevalensi penyakit respirasi secara total sebesar 41,9%, secara rinci yaitu prevalensi tuberkulosis paru sebesar 7,6%, PPOK sebesar 1,8%, asma sebesar 1,0%, infeksi fungal sebesar 0,8%, pneumonia sebesar 0,2%, batuk kronik sebesar 0,6%, dan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) sebesar 32,9%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara prevalensi penyakit respirasi kronik dengan ventilasi rumah susun (p=0,042) , dan dengan pencahayaan dalam rumah susun (p=0,003).Kesimpulan: Penyakit respirasi kronik memiliki hubungan dengan keadaan lingkungan yaitu ventilasi dan pencahayaan pada penghuni rumah susun di Jakarta.

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Introduction: Respiratory disease is one of the highest prevalence health problem in Indonesia. Chronic respiratory disease such as asthma, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are the top leading cause of mortality in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to know the relationship between flat environmental condition and prevalence of chronic respiratory disease, which is COPD, chronic cough, tuberculosis, asthma, pneumonia, and fungal infection of flat occupiers in Jakarta.Method: This study was an observational research using cross-sectional design. Data was obtained through questionnaire. This study was conducted on 120 families who live in lower middle flats in Jakarta on 2012 The environmental variables of this study specifically include ventilation area, natural lighting in the house, occupancy density, basic sanitation facilities, temperature, and humidity of the flats.Result: From 120 family, 513 data of flat occupiers in Jakarta is obtained with the prevalence of respiratory disease in a total of 41.9%, specifically tuberculosis with prevalence of 7,6%, COPD with 1,8%, asthma with 1,0%, fungal infection with 0,8%, pneumonia with 0,2%, chronic cough with 0,6%, and acute respiratory infection with 32,9%. Significant relationship was obtained between prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and ventilation area (p=0,042), and also with natural lighting in the house (p=0,003).Conclusion: In conclusion, the ventilation area and natural lightning in the house are the environmental factors contributing for the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease of flat occupiers in Jakarta."

"Masalah kesehatan respirasi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting karena prevalensinya cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Menurut WHO, beberapa masalah kesehatan respirasi yang prevalensinya cukup tinggi di Indonesia adalah pneumonia, tuberkulosis, asma dan PPOK. Dalam penelitian ini, masalah kesehatan respirasi dikaitkan dengan kepuasan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan.Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional dan diadakan di Kelurahan Petamburan. Pengambilan data dilakukan sejak 21 Januari 2012 ? 26 Januari 2012 dengan melibatkan 109 responden yang dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang telah divalidasi sebelumnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi masalah kesehatan respirasi di lingkungan kumuh adalah 5,06%. Kepuasan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan tidak berhubungan dengan masalah kesehatan respirasi baik untuk kepuasan terhadap hubungan dokter-pasien (p=0,451), fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,237) maupun sistem administrasi (p=0,219).

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Respiratory disease is an important health problem due to its high prevalence in Indonesia. According to WHO, several respiratory diseases of which prevalence are high in Indonesia are pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, and COPD. The goal of this research is to find out the association between respiratory disease and the satisfaction toward health-service.

This research uses the cross sectional design. It was held in Petamburan from January 21st - January 26th in 2012 by involving 109 respondents, chosen by consecutive sampling method. The data was collected by interviewing all respondents with a quesioner that has been validated.

The result shows the prevalence of respiratory diseases in rural area is 5,06%. There's no association between satisfaction toward health-service and the existence of respiratory disease in rural area either satisfaction toward the relationship between doctor-patient (p=0,451), toward health-care facilities (p=0,237), or administration system (p=0,219)."

"Penyakit respirasi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling mematikan di dunia, menurut WHO setelah penyakit kardiovaskular, penyakit yang mematikan berikutnya adalah penyakit respirasi. Salah satu penyakit respirasi yang umum di Indonesia adalah tuberkulosis, dan angka kejadian tuberkulosis di Indonesia terus meningkat walau secara global angka kejadian tuberkulosis menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara sikap dengan prevalensi penyakit respirasi yang terdiri dari PPOK, tuberkulosis, ISPA, batuk kronik, infeksi fungal, pneumonia, dan asma.Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional, dimana perolehan data dilakukan pada tiga rumah susun yang mewakili rumah susun di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner sikap dan akan mewawancarai responden secara langsung. Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 120 orang. Beberapa hal lain yang ditanyakan antara lain penghasilan dan tingkat pendidikan responden.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan bahwa prevalensi penyakit respirasi dari 513 penduduk rumah susun adalah 41,9%. Secara berturut-turut dari masing-masing penyakit adalah ISPA 32,9%, TB paru 7,6%, PPOK 1,8%, asma 1%, infeksi fungal 0,8%, batuk kronik 0,6% dan pneumonia sebesar 0,2%. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data ditemukan bahwa sikap tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan penyakit respirasi (p=0,928). Pendidikan serta penghasilan memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan sikap(p=0,005 dan p=0,029).

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Respiratory diseases are one of the most deadly disease in the world, based on WHO, the second most deadly disease are respiratory diseases after the cardiovascular diseases as the most deadly diseases. One of the respiratory disease known well in Indonesia is the lung tuberculosis, and the insidence of this disease keeps rising although globally, the incidence of lung TB is going fewer. The purpose of this research is to seek the realtionship between attitude towards respiratory disease, and in this research, the respiratory diseases are COPD, lung TB, ARTI, chronic cough, fungal infection, pneumonia and asthma.The study is using a cross-sectional method, whereas the data were collected from three flats that represent the flats in Jakarta.Questionnaire was used as the data collection method and the researcher interviewed each of the respondents. The total sample for this study is 120 respondents. Few other questions that were asked are the income and the educational level. In this study, the prevalence of the respiratory disease of 513 occupants in flats is 41,9%. Spesifically, the prevalence of each diseases are: ARTI 32,9%, TB 7,6%. COPD 1,8%, asthma 1%, fungal infection 0,8%, chronic cough 0,6%, and pneumonia 0,2%.Based on the analytical results, the attitude has no correlation with the respiratory disease (p=0,928). The educational level and income have correlation with the attitude (p=0,005 and p=0,029)."

"Analisis praktik residensi keperawatan medikal bedah merupakan karya ilmiah akhir ners spesialis yang menggambarkan pelaksanaan praktik spesialis keperawatan dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dan pendidikan berkelanjutan. Analisis ini terdiri dari asuhan keperawatan pada gangguan sistem perkemihan dengan kasus utama End Stage Renal Disease dan 30 kasus resume menggunakan pendekatan model adaptasi Roy, penerapan evidence-based nursing tentang latihan intradialisis Range of Motion untuk menurunkan fatigue dan hipertensi post hemodialisis, dan penerapan proyek inovasi tentang upaya pemenuhan durasi hemodialisis untuk mencapai adekuasi. Teori model adaptasi Roy bertujuan untuk mempertahankan, memodifikasi atau mengubah stimulus sehingga pasien dapat adaptif terhadap kondisi kesehatannya. End Stage Renal Disease merupakan salah satu kasus gangguan sistem perkemihan akibat kerusakan pada fungsi ginjal yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi sistemik dan mengancam kehidupan serta kualitas hidup seseorang. Hipertensi menjadi salah satu penyebab tersering dari timbulnya kerusakan pada ginjal. Latihan ROM intradialisis dapat menurunkan level fatigue dan tekanan darah post hemodialisis yang dapat dilakukan pasien secara mandiri selama dialisis berlangsung. Pemenuhan durasi hemodialisis menjadi salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan bersihan ureum (Kt/V) sehingga adekuasi hemodialisis dapat tercapai.

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Analysis of medical surgical nursing residency practice is the final scientific work of specialists describing the implementation of specialist nursing practice in improving the quality of services and continual education. This analysis consisted of nursing care in urinary system disorders with major cases of End Stage Renal Disease and 30 resume cases using Roy's adaptation model approach, application of evidence-based nursing about Range of Motion intradialysis exercises to reduce fatigue and post-hemodialysis hypertension, and implementation of innovations project about efforts to meet hemodialysis duration to achieve adequate. Roy's adaptation model theory aims to maintain, modify or change the stimulus so that patients can be adaptive to their health conditions. End Stage Renal Disease is one case of urinary system disorders due to damage the kidney function that can cause systemic complications and threaten the life and quality of life of a person. Hypertension is one of the most common causes of kidney damage. Intradialysis ROM exercises can reduce levels of fatigue and post hemodialysis blood pressure that patient can conduct independently during dialysis. Hemodialysis duration fullfillment is one of the ways that can be done to increase urea clearance (Kt / V) so that hemodialysis adequacy can be achieved."

"Praktik spesialis Keperawatan Medikal Bedah peminatan sistem perkemihan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan asuhan keperawatan medikal bedah dengan pendekatan Model Adaptasi Roy pada pasien gangguan sistem perkemihan dan menerapkan peran sebagai care provider. Sebagai penyedia asuhan keperawatan dilakukan kepada 30 orang pasien dengan gangguan sistem perkemihan. Peran sebagai peneliti yaitu menerapkan evidence based nursing dengan membuktikan akupresur sebagai intervensi yang dapat menurunkan keluhan insomnia pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis. Peran sebagai inovator melalui pemberian edukasi mengenai gagal ginjal kronik dan penanganan komplikasi akut hemodialisis melalui media video. Hasil praktik ini menunjukkan bahwa Model Adaptasi Roy cocok digunakan pada pasien gangguan sistem perkemihan. Intervensi akupresur bermanfaat untuk mengatasi insomnia dan video edukasi terkait penanganan komplikasi akut hemodialisis bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien dan dapat diterapkan oleh perawat di ruangan hemodialisis.

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Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Specialist of urinary system aims to perform medical surgical nursing care with Roy Adaptation Model approach in patient of urinary system disorder and apply role as care provider. As a provider of nursing care done to 30 patients with urinary system disorders. Role as a researcher in the application of evidence-based nursing by proving acupressure as an intervention that can reduce insomnia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Role as an innovator through the provision of education about chronic renal failure and treatment of acute hemodialysis complications through video media. The results of this practice show that Roy's Adaptation Model is well suited for urinary system disorders patients. Acupressure interventions effectively for treating insomnia and educational videos related to the treatment of acute hemodialysis complications are significant for improving patient knowledge and can be applied by nurses in the hemodialysis unit. "

"Kecoak merupakan salah satu vektor mekanik dalam menyebarkan patogen seperti E. coli, dan Salmonella sp., yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada saluran pencernaan. Gangguan saluran pencernaan yang paling sering terjadi adalah diare baik itu disertai atau tanpa disertai mual, muntah, dan sakit perut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kecoak berdasarkan spesies dan kondisi lingkungan dengan keluhan gangguan saluran pencernaan pada masyarakat di permukiman kumuh Kecamatan Kalideres. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 106 masyarakat yang tinggal di permukiman kumuh Kecamatan Kalideres. Penangkapan kecoak dilakukan dengan menggunakan plastik dan sarung tangan steril, dan identifikasi menggunakan morfologi kecoak. Data terkait kondisi lingkungan dan keluhan gangguan saluran pencernaan diperoleh dari wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara faktor risiko kecoak baik Periplaneta americana dan Blatta orientalis dengan keluhan gangguan saluran pencernaan (p=0,855). Hasil lain terkait kondisi lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi tempat sampah (OR=2,605; 95%CI: 1,160-5,850) dan kondisi dapur (OR= 3,40; 95%CI: 1,503-7,727) mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan keluhan gangguan saluran pencernaan yang dialami masyarakat di permukiman kumuh Kecamatan Kalideres. Walaupun tidak ditemukannya hubungan yang signifikan, risiko kecoak dalam membawa dan menyebarkan patogen dengan mengontaminasi makanan atau minuman sehingga menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan tetap perlu diperhatikan.

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Cockroaches, as a mechanical vector in spreading pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella sp., can cause gastrointestinal disorder. The most common gastrointestinal disorder is diarrhea with or without nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This study aims to determine the relationship of cockroaches based on species and environmental conditions with gastrointestinal disorders in communities at the slum areas of Kalideres Sub-district. The study design using cross-sectional. The sample in this study were 106 people living in the slum areas of Kalideres Sub-district. Cockroach capture was carried out using sterile plastic and gloves, and identification using cockroach morphology. Data related to environmental conditions and complaints of gastrointestinal disorders were obtained from interviews and observations. This study showed no relationship between the risk factors of cockroaches, both Periplaneta americana and Blatta orientalis, with gastrointestinal disorder complaints (p = 0.855). Other results related to environmental conditions showed that the trash condition (OR = 2.605; 95% CI: 1,160-5,850) and kitchen conditions (OR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1,503-7,727) had a significant relationship with gastrointestinal disorder complaints experienced by people in the slum settlements of Kalideres Sub-district. Although no significant relationship was found, the risk of cockroaches carrying and spreading pathogens by contaminating food and water causing health problems remains a concern."