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"Rongga mulut merupakan salah satu bagian tubuh yang cukup unik sehubungan dengan kesehatan penderita, oleh karena rongga mulut merupakan pintu pertama masuknya bahan-bahan kebutuhan untuk pertumbuhan,individu yang sempurna serta kesehatan yang optimal.Sebagaimana kita ketahui rongga mulut dapat mengalami bermacammacam kelainan yang merupakan problema yang belum dapat diatasi sepenuhnya. Sebagai contoh misalnya karies gigi, penyakit jaringan penyangga gigi / periodontal dan penyakit mukosa mulut sampai saat ini belum diketahui etiologinya secara tepat. Kondisi lingkungan rongga mulut sangat kompleks, dimana kemungkinan iritasi mekanik, fisik dan kimiawi serta banyaknya macam mikroorganisme dan susunan saliva dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan kondisi lingkungan rongga mulut dan memungkinkan terjadinya suatu penyakit.Penyakit yang terjadi didalam mulut khususnya mukosa mulut dapat memberikan keluhan atau tanpa keluhan bisa berupa kelainan jinak dan keganasan. Bilamana penyakit jaringan lunak rongga mulut tidak memberikan gejala rasa sakit umumnya pasien tidak datang berobat, padahal kemungkinan besar lesi yang tidak memberikan keluhan itu merupakan tanda awal dari suatu keganasan atau tanda awal dari penyakit sistemik yang berbahaya, sehingga seringkali pasien dengan lesi-lesi semacam itu barn datang ke klinik Oral Medicine sudah dalam keadaan sakit berat atau stadium terminal. Keadaan ini akan memperburuk prognosa penyakitnya karena mulut yang sakit akan terganggu fungsinya sehingga pemasukan makanan akan menurun dengan akibat defisiensi nutrisi.Sebelum uraian lebih lanjut tentang penyakit mulut akan saya utarakan terlebih dulu pengertian tentang Oral Medicine, ruang lingkup serta sejarah perkembangannya.Oral Medicine adalah cabang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi yang berkompeten khusus dalam mengelola kesehatan pasien secara menyeluruh meliputi diagnosa dan perawatan yang bersifat non bedah pada kelainan primer maupun sekunder di rongga mulut dan sekitarnya (Mazzeo & Chasens 1975). Secara luas Oral Medicine dapat diartikan sebagai salah satu aspek Kedokteran Gigi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara mulut dengan bagian tubuh yang lain, baik dalam keadaan sehat maupun sakit atau diformulasikan sebagai suatu kemampuan khusus dalam praktek Dokter Gigi serta kaitannya dengan pengelolaan kesehatan pasien secara menyeluruh.Ruang lingkup Oral Medicine tidak terbatas pada penyakit mulut yang primer atau lokal saja melainkan juga mengelola pasien-pasien dengan manifestasi oral penyakit sistemik. Oleh karenanya Dokter Gigi berkewajiban mengetahui latar belakang penyakit setiap pasien sebelum memulai perawatan gigi. Perawatan gigi mulut bisa gagal bila klinisi tidak tanggap akan keadaan pasien yang sedang dalam status pengawasan medik untuk penyakit sistemiknya. Atau bahkan terjadi resiko yang fatal atau timbul penyakit lain sebagai akibat tindakan perawatan Dokter Gigi.Oral Medicine sampai saat ini masih merupakan salah satu bidang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi yang belum banyak dikenal baik oleh tenaga kesehatan maupun masyarakat umumnya karena cabang ilmu tersebut relatif masih muda dibandingkan dengan cabang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi lainnya. Masih banyak pendapat yang beranggapan bahwa tugas dan tanggung jawab Dokter Gigi terbatas pada penanganan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan gigi saja sehingga pasien dengan lesi pada mukosa mulut tidak datang ke Dokter Gigi tetapi meminta pertolongan dokter Umum."

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Pada kesempatan yang berbahagia ini saya akan mengemukakan pandangan mengenai peranan pelayanan kesehatan gigi anak dalam menunjang peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia di masa mendatang dalam menyongsong abad ke 21 yang penuh tantangan dan saingan. Pembangunan di bidang kesehatan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat agar tingkat kesehatan masyarakat menjadi lebih baik. Pembangunan di, bidang kesehatan gigi adalah bagian integral pembangunan kesehatan nasional. Ini berarti bahwa untuk melaksanakan pembangunan di bidang kesehatan, pembangunan di bidang kesehatan gigi tidak boleh ditinggalkan; juga sebaliknya bila ingin melaksanakan pembangunan di bidang kesehatan gigi, tidak boleh, melupakan kerangka. yang lebih luas, yaitu pembangunan di bidang kesehatan umumnya.

Di bidang kesehatan gigi indikator untuk penelitian epidemiologis sangat penting artinya bagi perencanaan pengembangan ketenagaan, material, dan penganggaran. Selain itu data penelitian epidemiologis juga diperlukan untuk pengembangan, evaluasi, dan pemantapan usaha pencegahan, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif di bidang kesehatan gigi baik regional maupun nasional. Peta dunia tentang distribusi kerusakan gigi (biasa disebut karies) menunjukkan perbedaan prevalensi dari tahun ke tahun pada beberapa negara. Terjadi penurunan frekuensi dari DMF-T (indeks kerusakan gigi dewasa) di negara maju, tetapi terjadi kenaikan pada negara yang sedang berkembang. Sebagian besar penurunan frekuensi karies gigi disebabkan karena adanya program pemberian fluor secara intensif antara lain melalui,air minum.

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"Oral dental epidemiological studies have shown the increasing of prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease. This research was to find out base line data, among two groups of children from Urban and Rural of 20 elementary schools in sub district of Bekasi, West Java. Samples of 2205 children by the classes II, IV, V were observed 1065 in Urban and 1140 in Rural groups. The results show that prevalence of dental caries was 97,5%, DMF-T in urban 2.225 and Rural 2.571 were significantly higher (p=0.0001) and those OHI-S in Urban 1.696 were better than rural 2.050, (p=0.0000)."

"[ABSTRAKLatarbelakang: Perubahan akibat menua yang terjadi pada gigi dan jaringan sekitarnya dapat mempengaruh ikualitas hidup seseorang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi mulu tdengan kualitas hidup lansia menggunakan alat ukur Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) dan Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Di Indonesia, masih banyak daerah yang tidak terjangkau dokter gigi, sehingga diperlukan alat ukur yang dapat digunakan oleh tenaga kesehatan selain dokter gigi dan kader. Tujuan: Uji kesepakatan antar rater, validasi dan reliabilitas OHAT dan GOHAI, menganalisis hubungan kesehatan gigi mulut dan kualitas hidup serta mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan gigi mulut dan kualitas hidup lansia. Metode: Potong Lintang. Pencatatan data sosiodemografis dan pemeriksaan intraoral. Wawancara untuk pengisian kuesioner kualitas hidup lansia. Hasil: Penilaian antar rater dengan uji Kappa menunjukkan konsistensi yang cukup baik. Alat ukur kualitas hidup valid dan reliabel. Padauji chi-square, tidak terdapat hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi mulut dankualitas hidup. Kesehatan gigi mulut berhubungan bermaknadengan jenis kelamin (p=0.026) dan pendidikan (p=0.015). Kualitas hidup berhubungan bermakna dengan tingkat ekonomi (p=0.01). Kesimpulan: Alat ukur Oral Health Assessment Tool dan Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index dapat digunakan di Indonesia. Tidak ada hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi mulut dan kualitas hidup lansia di Indonesia. Jenis kelamin merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders.;Background: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders.;Background: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders.;Background: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders., Background: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders.]"

"Kehilangan gigi telah menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang umum untuk ditemukan di Indonesia, dengan angka sekitar 19% kasus gigi hilang akibat dicabut ataupun tanggal sendiri. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan kehilangan gigi, implan gigi merupakan alternatif yang banyak digunakan karena sudah terbukti dapat memberikan hasil yang baik secara jangka panjang. Keberhasilan pemasangan implan gigi dinilai berdasarkan tingkat stabilitasnya, yang terbagi kembali menjadi stabilitas primer dan stabilitas sekunder. Kedua jenis stabilitas tersebut saling berkaitan. Kekhawatiran akan pemasangan implan gigi banyak ditemukan pada kasus dimana pemasangan dilakukan pada pasien dengan tulang berkepadatan rendah. Tulang tempat terpasangnya implan gigi yang memiliki kualitas dan kepadatan yang kurang baik memiliki risiko kegagalan implan yang lebih tinggi. Untuk dapat meningkatkan tingkat stabilitas implan, banyak dilakukan proses modifikasi desain dan permukaan implan gigi, seperti penambahan fitur self-tapping dan peningkatan kekasaran permukaan badan implan. Fabrikasi dilakukan untuk menghasilkan purwarupa implan gigi dengan variasi sudut kemiringan dan panjang cutting flute, sebagai bagian dari fitur self-tapping. Purwarupa akan melalui proses surface treatment untuk mendapatkan tingkat kekasaran yang optimum untuk penggunaannya pada tulang berkepadatan rendah. Purwarupa akan diuji dengan uji torsi insersi dan uji pull-out test. Purwarupa 1 menunjukkan performa terbaik dengan nilai kekasaran permukaan sebesar 1,0636 μm, serta nilai insertion torque value dan pull-out load sebesar 22,4415 Ncm dan 317,068 N.

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Tooth loss has become a common health issue in Indonesia, with approximately 19% of cases resulting from extraction or natural loss. Dental implant are widely used as an alternative due to their proven long-term effectiveness. The success of dental implant placement is evaluated based on its stability, which can be categorized as primary stability and secondary stability. Both types of stability are interrelated with one another. Concerns about dental implant placement are often encountered when dealing with patients with low bone density. Poor quality and low-density bone in the implant insertion site might result in a higher risk of implant failure. To improve implant stability, various modifications are made to the design and surface of the implant body, such as adding self-tapping features and increasing the surface roughness of the implant body. Fabrication is done to produce dental implant prototypes with variations in in angulation and length of the cutting flute, as a part of the self-tapping feature. These prototypes will undergo surface treatment to achieve an optimal level of surface roughness for use in low bone density. Each prototypes are then tested using insertion torque test and pull-out tests. Prototype 1 showed the best performance with a surface roughness value of 1,0636 μm, as well as an insertion torque value of 22,4415 Ncm and a pull-out load of 317,068 N."