Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin mengkaji dampak dari perkembangan perdagangan internasional di Indonesia terhadap pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals dengan menggunakan data panel 33 provinsi selama periode 2009-2019. Analisis didasarkan bukti empiris pada empat indikator pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan yaitu PDRB perkapita, ketimpangan, kemiskinan dan ketenagakerjaaan yang berfokus di sektor manufaktur. Dikarenakan indikator tersebut memiliki hubungan yang simultan, maka model diestimasi dengan teknik ekonometrika Two Stage Least Square and Instrumental Variable. Hasil regresi dalam penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa dengan adanya keterbukaan perdagangan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui PDRB perkapita. Begitu pun hasil yang baik pada indikator ketenagakerjaan, dengan adanya keterbukaan perdagangan mendorong penyerapan tenaga kerja di sektor manufaktur. Namun, hasil yang sebaliknya ditemukan untuk indikator kemiskinan dan ketimpangan, hasil regresi menujukkan keterbukaan perdagangan belum berdampak signifikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa manfaat dari perdagangan belum terdistribusi sampai ke masyarakat miskin sehingga tidak memberikan dampak secara langsung untuk kedua indikator tersebut. Akan tetapi ditemukan bahwa secara tidak langsung efek keterbukaan perdagangan melalui interaksi dengan share of labor manufacturing membuat ketimpangan menurun meskipun interaksi ini juga memberikan efek yang negatif pada pertumbuhan ekonomi.

---

This study is to examine the impact of the development of international trade in Indonesia on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using panel data from 33 provinces during the 2009-2019 period. The analysis is based on empirical evidence on four indicators of sustainable economic development: GDP per capita by province, inequality, poverty and employment focus on the manufacturing sector. Because these indicators have a simultaneous relationship, the model is estimated using the Two Stage Least Square and Instrumental Variable. The results of the regression in the study indicate that the existence of trade openness has a significant effect on increasing economic growth through per capita GDP. For employment, the existence of trade openness also encourages employment in the manufacturing sector. However, the opposite results were found for indicators of poverty and inequality, the regression results show that trade openness has not had a significant impact. This indicates that the benefits of trade have not been distributed to the poor, so it does not have a direct impact on both indicators. But this study, it was found that indirectly the effect of trade openness through interaction with the share of labor manufacturing makes inequality decrease even though this interaction also has a negative effect on economic growth."

"[Selama bertahun-tahun, kerjasama di kawasan ASEANmenunjukkan banyak kemajuan. Saat ini, dengan sebuah visi bersama sebagai suatu kesatuan dari Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara yang hidup dalam perdamaian dan terikat bersama-sama di dalam kemitraan untukpembangunan yang dinamis dan sebagai komunitas masyarakat yang saling peduli, para Pemimpin ASEAN sepakat untuk membentuk Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN 2015. Pembentukan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (AEC) 2015 akan membawa peluang ekonomi yang sangat besar serta memberikan tantangan besar bagi masing negara-negara di wilayah tersebut. Peluang ekonomi ini akan menghasilkan akses pasar yang lebih besar untuk ekspor dan environment yang lebih liberal bagi investasi asing. Ada 4 (empat) kunci karakteristik dari pembentukan AEC : (a) suatu pasar tunggal dan berbasis produksi; (b) wilayah ekonomi yang sangat kompetitif; (c) wilayah pembangunan ekonomi yang adil; dan (d) kawasan yang terintegrasi ke dalam ekonomi global. Untuk mencapai tujuan pembentukan pasar tunggal dan berbasis produksi dengan aliran bebas barang, para Menteri Ekonomi ASEAN di bulan Agustus 2007 sepakat untuk meningkatkan the CommonEffective Preferential Tariff for ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (CEPT-AFTA) menjadi instrumen hukum yang lebih komprehensif. Hal ini yangmenyebabkan penandatanganan ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) tanggal 29 Februari 2009, di Chaam, Thailand. Setelah penandatangan kesepakatan itu, negara-negara anggota ASEAN (AMSs), termasuk Indonesia, diwajibkan untuk menerapkan dan mengembangkan kebijakan mereka sesuai dengan kesepakatan dimaksud. Oleh karena itu, pasca keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam kesepakatan dimaksud, Pemerintah Indonesia harus mentransformasikan kesepakatan dimaksud ke dalam hukumdomestiknya. Pemerintah Indonesia telah meratifikasi kesepakatan dimaksud melalui Peraturan Presiden No. 2 Tahun 2010 tentang Pengesahan ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement. Ratifikasi diikuti dengan mengeluarkan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan dan Keputusan Menteri Perdagangan. Keputusan-keputusan yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia diharapkan dapat membantu otoritas Indonesia dalam memperkuat posisi Indonesia di ASEAN. Penelitian dalam tesis ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Tesis ini juga akan membahas keuntungan, kerugian, dan tantangan ATIGA bagi Indonesia serta sejauh mana implementasi ATIGA di dalam hukum nasional Indonesia.;Over the years, cooperation in ASEAN region has shown a lot of progress. Now, with a shared vision of ASEAN as a unified body ofSoutheast Asian Nations living in peace and bounded together in partnership for dynamic development and as a community of caring communities, ASEAN Leaders resolved to establish an ASEAN Economic Community in 2015. The establishment of an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015 will bring enormous economic opportunities as well as great challenges for the individual member countries in the region. These economic opportunities will result greater market access for exports and more liberal environment for foreign investment. There are 4 (four) key characteristics of AEC establishment : (a) a single market and production base; (b) a highly competitive economic region; (c) a region of equitable economic development and (d) a region fully integrated into the global economy. To achieve the goal of establishing the single market and production base with the free flow of goods, the ASEAN Economic Ministers agreed in August 2007 to enhance the Common Effective Preferential Tariff for ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (CEPT-AFTA) into a more comprehensive legal instrument. This has led to the signing of the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) in February 29, 2009, at Chaam, Thailand. After signing the agreement, the AMSs, including Indonesia, is required to implement andto develop their policies in accordance with the agreement. Therefore, after Indonesia’s participation in the aforesaid agreement, the Government of Indonesia have to transform the agreement into domestic law. Then, the Indonesian Government ratified the agreement through Presidential Decree No. 2 of 2010 on the Ratification of the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement. Ratification is followed by issuing of Finance Ministerial Decree and Trade Ministerial Decree. Those decisions issued by the Government of Indonesia are expected could help the Indonesia’s authorities in strengthening the position of Indonesia in ASEAN. The research conducted in this thesis isnormative juridical research. This thesis also discusses the advantages,disadvantages, and challenges of ATIGA for Indonesia. The extent ofimplementation of ATIGA in national law of Indonesia will be discussed as well., Over the years, cooperation in ASEAN region has shown a lot ofprogress. Now, with a shared vision of ASEAN as a unified body ofSoutheast Asian Nations living in peace and bounded together in partnershipfor dynamic development and as a community of caring communities,ASEAN Leaders resolved to establish an ASEAN Economic Community in2015. The establishment of an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015will bring enormous economic opportunities as well as great challenges forthe individual member countries in the region. These economic opportunitieswill result greater market access for exports and more liberal environment forforeign investment. There are 4 (four) key characteristics of AECestablishment : (a) a single market and production base; (b) a highlycompetitive economic region; (c) a region of equitable economicdevelopment and (d) a region fully integrated into the global economy. Toachieve the goal of establishing the single market and production base withthe free flow of goods, the ASEAN Economic Ministers agreed in August2007 to enhance the Common Effective Preferential Tariff for ASEAN FreeTrade Agreement (CEPT-AFTA) into a more comprehensive legalinstrument. This has led to the signing of the ASEAN Trade in GoodsAgreement (ATIGA) in February 29, 2009, at Chaam, Thailand. After signingthe agreement, the AMSs, including Indonesia, is required to implement andto develop their policies in accordance with the agreement. Therefore, afterIndonesia’s participation in the aforesaid agreement, the Government ofIndonesia have to transform the agreement into domestic law. Then, theIndonesian Government ratified the agreement through Presidential DecreeNo. 2 of 2010 on the Ratification of the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement.Ratification is followed by issuing of Finance Ministerial Decree and TradeMinisterial Decree. Those decisions issued by the Government of Indonesiaare expected could help the Indonesia’s authorities in strengthening theposition of Indonesia in ASEAN. The research conducted in this thesis isnormative juridical research. This thesis also discusses the advantages,disadvantages, and challenges of ATIGA for Indonesia. The extent ofimplementation of ATIGA in national law of Indonesia will be discussed aswell]"

"Emerging markets and the global economy investigates analytical techniques suited to emerging market economies, which are typically prone to policy shocks. Despite the large body of emerging market finance literature, their underlying dynamics and interactions with other economies remain challenging and mysterious because standard financial models measure them imprecisely.Describing the linkages between emerging and developed markets, this collection systematically explores several crucial issues in asset valuation and risk management. Contributors present new theoretical constructions and empirical methods for handling cross-country volatility and sudden regime shifts. Usually attractive for investors because of the superior growth they can deliver, emerging markets can have a low correlation with developed markets. "