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"Sistem pengawasan terhadap hakim konstitusi di Indonesia berdasarkan UUD 1945 dan UU No. 24 Tahun 2003 secara implisit melibatkan dua bentuk pengawasan, yaitu pengawasan internal oleh Majelis Kehormatan dan pengawasan eksternal oleh Komisi Yudisial. Sistem pengawasan tersebut akhirnya berubah setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 005/PUU-IV/2006. Pasca putusan a quo, sistem pengawasan hakim konstitusi di Indonesia mengalami perubahan substansial terkait bentuk pengawasannya yang meniadakan pengawasan eksternal. Sistem pengawasan internal yang ada pun sering mengalami perubahan sesuai dengan rezim undang-undang dan peraturan pelaksana yang berlaku. Perubahan terkait sistem pengawasan internal yang ada merupakan reaksi guna mengoptimalkan penegakan sistem pengawasan terkait dugaan pelanggaran etik yang dilakukan oleh hakim konstitusi. Dengan demikian, mekanisme penegakan atas pelanggaran etik hakim konstitusi juga memiliki peran yang tidak kalah penting dalam sistem pengawasan hakim konstitusi yang ada saat ini. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sistem pengawasan hakim konstitusi sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia dan memberikan analisis dari pelaksanaan sistem pengawasan yang diterapkan terhadap hakim konstitusi di Indonesia selama berdirinya lembaga Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif yang menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui studi perundang-undangan, studi kasus, dan studi perbandingan. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sistem pengawasan terhadap hakim konstitusi yang diterapkan di Indonesia adalah sistem pengawasan internal yang ditegakkan oleh Dewan Etik dan Majelis Kehormatan sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang dan peraturan mahkamah konstitusi. Kemudian, terkait pelaksanaan dari sistem pengawasan internal tersebut maka penegakan atas pelanggaran etik yang dilakukan oleh hakim konstitusi dapat dibagi menjadi tiga periode dengan lembaga pengawas dan mekanisme penegakan sesuai peraturan mahkamah konstitusi yang berlaku. Meskipun demikian, terkait dengan sistem pengawasan hakim konstitusi dan penegakannya masih dapat dioptimalkan mengingat kurang efektif dan tidak kuatnya lembaga pengawas dari sisi kelembagaan maupun kewenangan.

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The supervision system for constitutional judges in Indonesia is based on the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 24/2003 implicitly involves two forms of supervision, namely internal supervision by the Honorary Council and external supervision by the Judicial Commission. The monitoring system finally changed after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 005/PUU-IV/2006. After the decision ruling, the supervision system for constitutional judges in Indonesia underwent a substantial change in the form of supervision that eliminated external supervision. The existing internal control system often changes in accordance with the current statutory regime and implementing regulations. Changes related to the existing internal supervision system are a reaction in order to optimize the enforcement of the supervisory system related to suspected ethical violations committed by constitutional judges. Thus, the enforcement mechanism for ethical violations of constitutional judges also has an equally important role in the current constitutional justice supervision system. Therefore, this study aims to explain the supervision system of constitutional judges in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia and provide an analysis of the implementation of the supervision system applied to constitutional judges in Indonesia during the establishment of the Constitutional Court. This research is a normative juridical research using qualitative methods through statutory studies, case studies, and comparative studies. Based on the analysis conducted, it is concluded that the supervisory system for constitutional judges applied in Indonesia is an internal control system enforced by the Ethics Council and the Honorary Council as regulated in the laws and regulations of the constitutional court. Then, regarding the implementation of the internal control system, the enforcement of ethical violations committed by constitutional judges can be divided into three periods with the supervisory agency and the enforcement mechanism in accordance with the applicable constitutional court regulations. However, in relation to the supervision system for constitutional judges and its enforcement, it can still be optimized considering the ineffective and insufficient strength of the supervisory agency from the institutional and authority sides."

"Criminology is a booming discipline, but at the same time it is also deeply divided. This rich and diverse collection of essays addresses the key questions at the heart of the debate. What is criminology for? What is the impact of criminology? How should criminology be done? What are the key issues and debates in criminology today? What challenges does the discipline of criminology face? How has criminology as a discipline changed over the last few decades? Addressing all of these questions in 34 essays by some of the world's leading scholars, this volume reveals the deep fissures that threaten this vibrant discipline. There is disagreement over methodological issues - how best to conduct research. The subject matter and aims of the discipline are contested as traditional boundaries are tested and breached. At the same time there has been a narrowing of the terms of debate more generally as numerous new journals have been established for the various constituent subfields of the broader discipline. All of these factors give the impression that criminology is fragmenting at the precise moment that, as a discipline, it is so energetic and successful. Examining the nature of criminology and the current state of the field, the contributors outline their sense of and ambition for future development, challenging the discipline to be more reflective. Above all, it provides a record of the shape of the field at the close of the first decade of the new millennium."