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"After outlining the shift in interpretation of the concept and objectives of rural development since the mid-1960s, the main consequences of the new role assigned to formal credit in the desired rural transformation process are explored. Against this background, some general characteristics of rural credit provision in Indonesia are summarized. Subsequently, the study deals with the present-day role of formal rural credit in the area, the actual use of credit by the households in the various agro-physical zones, and the appraised needs with recommendations for a policy of rural credit provision which is better attuned to the socio-economic circumstances as present in the geographical setting of this part of central Java, Indonesia."

"The objectives of this studv are to answer the following (i) doesaccess to credit for women change their status within the household witheffects for their work choices (on-farm work vs. off-warm self-employment).(ii) does the impact of access to credit on work choices differ by theheadship status of the household, and (iii) does this effect differ by sourceof credit (formal credit vs informal credit)? Access to credit is defined as ovariable that positively affects women is statues and decision making powerswithin the household by increasing their level of economic activity andgiving them independent access to resources. This study differentiatesbetween access to credit and participation in a credit program, A non-participating household that has access can still benefit as it can take onactivities that are risky but yield a high return. The on-farm and off-farm participation decisions of married men and women and female heads are estimated through discrete models using data from rural Malawi. Theestimation procedure accounts for endogeny of access to credit to tireparticipation decisions."