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"In this book, Lynne Kelly explores the role of formal knowledge systems in small-scale oral cultures in both historic and archaeological contexts. In the first part, she examines knowledge systems within historically recorded oral cultures, showing how the link between power and the control of knowledge is established. Analyzing the material mnemonic devices used by documented oral cultures, she demonstrates how early societies maintained a vast corpus of pragmatic information concerning animal behavior, plant properties, navigation, astronomy, genealogies, laws and trade agreements, among other matters. In the second part Kelly turns to the archaeological record of three sites, Chaco Canyon, Poverty Point and Stonehenge, offering new insights into the purpose of the monuments and associated decorated objects. This book demonstrates how an understanding of rational intellect, pragmatic knowledge and mnemonic technologies in prehistoric societies offers a new tool for analysis of monumental structures built by non-literate cultures."

"What is Urban Theory? How can it be used to understand our urban experiences? Experiences typically defined by enormous inequalities, not just between cities but within cities, in an increasingly interconnected and globalised world. This book explains: * Relations between urban theory and modernity - the foundational concept in urban studies -- in key ideas of the Chicago School, in spatial analysis, humanistic urban geography, and 'radical' approaches like Marxism * Cities and the transition from industrial to informational economies, globalization, the importnace of urban growth machine and urban regime theory, the city as an "actor" * Spatial expressions of inequality - understood horizontally and vertically - and key ideas like segregation, ghettoization, suburbanization, gentrification, and "neighbourhood effects" * Socio-cultural spatial expressions of difference and key concepts like gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, age, public space; "culturalist" perspectives on identity, lifestyle, subculture * How cities should be understood as intersections of horizontal and vertical -- of coinciding resources, positions, locations; of different constellations of race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and age, influencing how we make and understand urban experiences. Critical, interdisciplinary and pedagogically informed - with opening summaries, boxes, questions for discussion and guided further reading - 'Urban theory : a critical introduction to power, cities and urbanism in the 21st century' provides the tools for any student of the city to understand, even to change, our own urban experiences"

"As consumer,children are unique and potential.They are considered unique because they do not spend their own money. They are potential,because their number and their value are big and promoting...."