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"ABSTRAKKebijakan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS) merupakan kebijakan publik Departemen Pendidikan Nasional untuk memberikan otonomi kepada sekolah, sebagai dukungan terhadap diberlakukannya otonomi daerah (desentalisasi pendidikan). Otonomi sekolah ini diberikan berdasarkan kepada pertama, pengalaman sistem pendidikan yang sentralistik dengan berbagai keseragaman, padahal masyarakat kita memiliki kultur, budaya, dan kondisi yang sangat beragam. Kedua campur tangan pihak birokrat terhadap dunia akademik sekolah terlalu dominan, sehingga kreativitas dan inovasi yang dimiliki sekolah kurang berkembang. Ketiga, dominasi pemerintah kepada sekolah telah menyebabkan peranserta masyarakat berkurang secara signifikan, sehingga masyarakat beranggapan bahwa pendidikan persekolahan merupakan tanggung jawab pemerinah. Keempat, pengelolaan sekolah dilakukan kurang transparan dan akuntabel, sehingga masyarakat lebih banyak curiga daripada mau membantu sekolah. Atas dasar itu maka pada implementasi kebijakan MBS ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian secara serius, sehingga hal tersebut di atas dapat segera teratasi. Dalam disertasi ini dibahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan MBS. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) yang mengikuti program MBS dengan dukungan bantuan BOMM sebanyak 206 sekolah, yang berada di wilayah Jabotabek. Dari 206 SMP program MBS tersebut diambil 50 SMP secara stratified purposive sampling. Di samping itu juga diambil 50 SMP pembanding yang tidak melaksanakan program MBS. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket berupa skala Likert dan isian kepada responden kepala sekolah, guru, dan kepala tata usaha. Hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship) dan Model Persamaan Struktural (Structural Equation Model) di peroleh kesimpulan bahwa (1) karakteristik sekolah yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar adalah karakteristik orang tua siswa, sedangkan karakteristik guru, karakteristik kepala sekolah, dan kondisi sekolah tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepemimpinan dan terhadap hasil belajar. (2) kepemimpinan kepala sekolah tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar, akan tetapi kepemimpinan bcrpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap iklim sekolah. (3) iklim sekolah berpengaruh secara signifikan dengan hasil belajar. (4) faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa adalah karakteristik orang tua siswa dan iklim sekolah, sedangkan kepemimpinan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap iklim sekolah.Beberapa rekomendasi yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Implementasi MBS di sekolah, diharapkan lebih mengoptimalkan faktor karakteristik sekolah yang lainnya, yaitu karakteristik guru, karakteristik kepala sekolah, dan kondisi sekolah; (2) diharapkan dapat lebih intensif dalam menciptakan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang lebih profesional; (3) perlu membangun iklim organisasi sekolah yang kondusif dalam mendukung peningkatan prestasi/hasil belajar; (4) secara sinergi semua faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa sebagai perwujudan implementasi MBS perlu diciptakan oleh seluruh pihak yang terkait, sehingga peningkatan mutu pendidikan dapat dicapai secara signifikan.

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ABSTRACT

School Based Management policy is a public policy of the Department of National Education concerning the management running in a school. This policy gives any school an authority to manage autonomy the school, in supporting for district autonomy (educational decentralization). This school autonomy based on first, our experience in centralized educational system which similarity in much kind of culture and variety of district condition. Second, the bureaucracy involvement to school is too dominant, so that the school creativity and innovation not well developed. Third, government domination to school decreases community participation significantly, that assumed education is government responsibility. Fourth, school management is not transparent and accountable, and community more neglected than to participate. Based on this argumentation, the school-based management should have attention seriously, so that these problems overcome as soon as possible. This dissertation discussed about the factors that influence to school based management policy. Population in this research is 206 junior high school (SMP) that follows school based management program supported by BOMM grant in fifteen districts in Jabotabek. The sample is 50 junior high school sampled by stratified purposive sampling. In addition, 50 SMP that not follow school based management program are choosing, as comparation. Data collection is done by questionnaire with Likert scale, which respondent are school manager, teacher, and administration staff. Those data used by LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship) and Structural Equation Model. The conclusions are (I) the school characteristic that influence significantly to learning achievement is parent characteristic. School condition is not influence to leadership and learning achievement. (2) Headmaster leadership is not influence significantly to learning achievement, but influence significantly to school climate. (3) School climate influence to learning achievement. (4) The factors that influence significantly to learning achievement are parent characteristic and school climate, headmaster leadership influence to school climate.

Some recommendation in this research are (1) School based management implementation should optimalized the other factor of school characteristic (2) Headmaster leadership should be applied professionally. (3) It is important to build condusif school climate in supporting learning achievement. (4) All factors that influence to learning achievement as realization of school based management implementation should created by all stakeholders in increasing educational quality."

"School culture is behind-the-scene context that is reflects of the values, beliefs, norms, tradition, and ritual that build up overtime a people in schoolwork together-administrator, teachers, students, parents, and community members. It influenced all the components of school in the process of education directly. It is assumed that school culture could make the educational achievement different. It is also assumed that school culture influenced teacher culture.This research's prime vision is to know whether there is difference of school culture between a higher-success and a lower-success Senior High School in Klaten, Central Java, and to what extent they differ according to their school performance. It also aims to know the relationship between school culture and teacher culture and to what extent the school culture influenced the teacher culture.Like the other social organization, school is an organization that has a culture. To measure the school culture, there are three indicators such as: norms of school culture behavior, beliefs, and core slues. While to measure teacher culture whether the school has positive or negative teacher cultures there are also three indicators collegiality, collaboration, and efficacy.This study employed a quantitative approach. Technique for collecting data is using questionnaire, unstructured interview and documents. The measure employed Likert Side, with five options: strongly agree, agree, uncertain, disagree, and strongly disagree. The techniques Analysis used in this study are descriptive statistic, T-test, Correlation, and Regression.Statistically, the study concluded that there is a difference of school culture between a higher-success school and a lower-success school. The score obtained by the two schools shows the difference. The difference of the mean is 3.56. The differences are on the norms of behavior, beliefs, and values. In testing the difference using t-test, the result shows that score oft value is larger than score oft table. Or the score of probability is less than 0.05. It showed that null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected or the two schools have different school culture. It also showed that the higher-success school has score of school culture that is higher than the lower-success school. The results implicated that the higher-success school has a better school culture than the lower-success school.Nevertheless, the difference of school culture found in this study is not too striking. So the difference could not viewed as white and black, because culture of the schools didn't work and process all alone. There is other side going along to shape the school culture and to determine the success or failure of the school. In this case, culture of Klaten community greatly influenced the schools.In the second testing of hypothesis, statistically, this study also concluded that there is a positive relationship between school culture and teacher culture. The value oft (2.486) is larger than value oft table (1.67), or the probability is more than alpha (0.05). It shows that null hypothesis is rejected. The strength of the relationship is shown by the coefficient correlation (the level of significance is 0.05) obtained in this analysis that is 0.793. This result shows that the relationship is very significant. It can be interpreted that norm of behavior, belief and school values influenced teacher's culture (collegiality, collaboration and teacher's sense of efficacy).Local community culture also influenced the teacher culture. "Klateneses", like other Javanese, has a permissive culture. They are so kind, friendly and easy to work together. This condition could support collegiality and collaboration activities."

"Tesis ini membahas implementasi performance management atau manajemen kinerja untuk melihat keberlangsungan dan kesinambungan antar proses manajemen kinerja untuk guru di XYZ International School sesuai dengan konteks dan kondisi yang terjadi di sekolah tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah ini masih belum menyelaraskan tujuan dari semua pihak yang terkait dengan sistem manajemen kinerja, termasuk merapihkan regulasi atau prosedur mengenai sistem manajemen kinerja, untuk menjaga setiap tahapan proses berjalan dengan baik. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa guru belum dilibatkan dalam pembuatan target dan ekspektasi yang harus diraih. Selanjutnya pengawasan belum berjalan secara kontinu, untuk mendapatkan hasil penilaian yang konsisten, yang berdampak kepada kesulitan untuk mendapatkan hasil evaluasi yang baik. Semua ini membutuhkan dukungan dari semua pihak yang terkait sistem manajemen kinerja untuk guru.

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This thesis studies about the implementation of performance management for teacher at XYZ International School, by concerning and context that applies in this school. This research is qualitative with descriptive design. The results from this research shows that the school needs to align the purposes of performance management of all stakeholders that related to performance management. The school also needs to complete the regulations or procedures on performance management system, to ensure each process goes well. Involving teachers in developing targets and expectations is also important to create two-way performance agreement. Furthermore continous monitoring and supervision continuously are need to obtain the consistent assessment result, that can be well evaluated. All of this require support from all stakeholders that related to performance management system."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara teacher efficacy dan dimensi teacher efficacy dengan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur teacher efficacy adalah Teachers? Sense of Efficacy Scale sedangkan untuk mengukur sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif digunakan Multidimensional Atitude toward Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES). Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah guru-guru di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri (N=100). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara teacher efficacy dan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif. Dengan kata lain, ketika guru memiliki skor teacher efficacy yang tinggi, guru tersebut cenderung memiliki sikap yang positif terhadap pendidikan inklusif. Sebaliknya, ketika guru memiliki skor teacher efficacy yang rendah, maka guru tersebut cenderung memiliki sikap yang negatif terhadap pendidikan inklusif. Hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan dimensi teacher efficacy ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada dimensi instructional strategies & student engagement dengan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri. Sebaliknya, untuk dimensi classroom management ditemukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri. Untuk meningkatkan teacher efficacy yang dimiliki oleh guru di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri, pihak sekolah dapat menyediakan fasilitas seperti alat peraga dan guru pendamping khusus serta membatasi jumlah siswa di tiap kelas.

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This research is conducted to find about the relationship between teacher efficacy and dimensions of teacher efficacy with attitude toward inclusive education in public inclusive elementary school. The instruments of this study were Teachers? Sense of Efficacy Scale (to measure teacher efficacy) and Multidimensional Atitude toward Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES) (to measure attitude teacher toward inclusive education). Participants of this study were teacher in public inclusive elementary school (N=100).

The result of research showed that there is a positive significant correlation between teacher efficacy and attitude toward inclusive education in public inclusive elementary school. This finding suggests when teachers have high score in teacher efficacy, they tend to have positive attitude toward inclusive education. On the contrary, when teachers have low score in teacher efficacy, they tend to have negative attitude toward inclusive education.

The results of research related to dimensions of teacher efficacy found that there is positive significant correlation between efficacy in student engagement and efficacy in instructional strategies dimensions with teacher attitude toward inclusive education in public inclusive elementary school. In the other hand, efficacy in classroom management dimension showed there is no positive significant correlation with attitude toward inclusive education in public inclusive elementary school. In order to increase teacher efficacy in public inclusive elementary school, schools can provide facilities such as property to teach, shadow teachers and also to limit the number of student in each class."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan iklim sekolah terhadap kinerja Rintisan SMA Bertaraf Internasional di Kabupaten Cirebon. Subyek penelitian adalah guru pengajar. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 68 orang dengan teknik sampel jenuh. Metode analisis yang digunakan kuantitatif dengan tehnik analisis korelasi. Instrumen disusun dalam bentuk angket dengan menggunakan skala Likers.Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa: Pertama, terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional sebesar 0.731. Kedua, terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara iklim sekolah dengan kinerja Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional sebesar 0.731.

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The objective of this research were to examine the contribution of the influence leadership and climate school to the performance of Pioneering International Standard Senior High School (RSBI) in Cirebon Distric. The subject consist of class teachers. The total sampel was taken 68 by using saturation sampling technique. Research method which is used is quantitative by using correlation analisys. The instrument was arranged in the form of Likert Scale.

The research implied the influence that: first, there was a positive and significant correlation between leadersheep and performance Pioneering International Standard Senior High School of 0.583. Second, there was a positive and significant correlation between school climate and performance Pioneering International Standard Senior High School of 0.534."