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"Tesis ini membahas perkembangan penerapan tindakan pernyataan perang (declaration of war) oleh suatu negara dalam rangka memulai permusuhan dengan negara lain dikaitkan dengan adanya ketentuan Pasal 2 ayat (4) Piagam PBB yang menentukan "negara-negara dilarang melakukan suatu tindakan yang tergolong dalam kategori "ancaman kekerasan" di dalam melakukan hubungan internasionalnya jika ditinjau dengan teori kedaulatan dan pembagian kekuasaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis konstruksi pengaturan yang ideal berkaitan dengan kewenangan legislatif dan eksekutif untuk adanya tindakan pernyataan perang di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pernyataan perang dapat dilakukan dalam kerangka self defence dimana Pasal 51 Piagam PBB dijadikan sebagai alasan pembenar karena adanya hak melekat suatu negara untuk melakukan pertahanan kolektif maupun individu (self-defense) jika ada serangan bersenjata dari negara lain. Lebih lanjut diketahui bahwa dalam prakteknya pada beberapa negara telah terjadi pergeseran kewenangan lembaga negara dalam menyatakan perang dimana perkembangan tersebut mengarah pada kewenangan menyatakan pernyataan perang ada pada lembaga eksekutif dengan persetujuan lembaga legislatif. Di Indonesia, ketentuan ini telah diatur dalam Pasal 11 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945 dan diperlukan ketentuan lebih lanjut yang secara tegas mendefinisikan kewenangan lembaga legislatif dan lembaga eksekutif dalam mengambil keputusan untuk menyatakan perang.

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This thesis discusses the recent development of the implementation of war declaration by a state to initiate hostilities with other countries related to the provision of Article 2 paragraph (4) of the UN Charter that determines that ?countries are prohibited from doing an act which belongs in the category of ' violent threat ' in international relations` if it is reviewed with the theory of sovereignty and the Division of power?. The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the construction of law ideally regarding legislative authority and executive authority concerning the existence of the act of war declaration in Indonesia. The results of this research shows that the declaration of war can be made within the framework of self defense in which Article 51 of the UN as justified by the inherent right of a country to defend itself (self-defense) individualy and collectively (with other countries) if there is an attack by armed forces of another country. Furthermore, it is known that in practice, some countries have changed the authority in declaring war that currently belongs to the executive after obtaining the approval of the legislative. In Indonesia, this provision is regulated by article 11 paragraph (1) of the Constitution of 1945 and it is necessary to have a derived provision that explicitly defines the authority of the executive and the legislative in taking a decision to declare war to other country."

"The aim of this research is to provide a theoretical framework for strategic alliance behavior by firms that seek to sustain a competitive advantage The objective is to integrate the transaction cost economic explanations, strategic behavior of the firm, in investigating strategic alliance phenomena in relation to competitive positioning. The fundamental premise of this research is that inter-firm relationships are embedded within the alliance, The hyphoteses are tested by applying quantitative analysis to data collected on 108 alliances that are involved in the development of pharmaceutical companies in Asia. A full survey was mailed to executives or key individual involved in the implementation of the alliances. The results of this research confirm our framework and also indicates that when firms build relational: capital in conjunction with an integrative approach to managing conflict they are able to achieve both organizational learning and protecting core assets simultaneously, Relational capital based on mutual trust and interaction between alliance partners creates a basis for learning and know-how transfer across accross the exchange the lekage of critical know how between them. Furthermore research indicates that through learning and acquining new importang information as well as some critical capability or skill from the partner while at the same time,m being able to protect its core capabilities and its crown jewels the company will compete effectively in the market. The research makes an important contribution to the literature by determining whether strategic alliances sustain competitiveness for firms pursuing a cooperative strategy."

"ABSTRAKWhy do some local rebel groups choose to form asymmetric alliances with large transnational terrorist organizations. This paper examines asymmetric terrorist alliance patterns by studying the international ties of domestic insurgencies in Southeast Asia. It uses data from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand to construct a theory defining the determinants of the choice of alliance strategies by terrorist groups. The findings conclude that rebels with limited aimsprefer to act alone out of fear of entrapment. They are cautious of becoming associated with the struggle of transnational radical groups and provoking organized response from international and regional counterterrorism authorities. Local groups are more likely to seek alliance with an established movement when they have ambitiousfinal objectives, challenging the core interests of the target state. In this case, the benefits of training and logistic support provided by an experienced organization outweigh the costs of becoming a target for coordinated counterterrorist campaign. "