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"ABSTRAKTulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian mengenai Orang Rimba Rombong Tumenggung Nggrip di Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas. Politik kepemimpinan seorang tumenggung Nggrip dapat dianalisa dari silsilah kekerabatan di komunitasnya. Aturan adat “Jenton Turun Jenton” menjadi sebuah pembenaran bahwa pimpinan politik di Komunitas Orang Rimba berdasarkan garis keturunan seorang pemimpin sebelumnya. Secara politis Tumenggung Nggrip diuntungkan karena mempunyai seorang ayah yang merupakan mantan tumenggung. Seorang tumenggung diharuskan mempunyai beberapa keahlian menonjol dibandingkan lainnya. Kemampuan memimpin dan pemahaman tentang hukum adat yang telah diwariskan oleh orang tua Tumenggung Nggrip menjadi keunggulan dibandingkan dengan individu lainnya. Jabatan kepenghuluan di bawahnya kemudian dipegang oleh kerabat dekat dari tumenggung. Silsilah kekerabatan dalam politik kepemimpinan ini mampu mengukuhkan posisi tumenggung sebagai seorang yang terhormat dan mempunyai power dalam akses sumber daya ekonomi, sosial dan hubungan dengan pihak luar. Politik tingkat komunitas ini dapat dianalisa sebagai bentuk kehidupan demokrasi namun pada prakteknya cenderung dipengaruhi oleh sikap seorang pemimpinnya dalam menegakkan hukum adat. Organisasi sosial dan politik Orang Rimba dibangun atas dasar konsep keluarga, hubungan perkawinan dan kekerabatan.

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ABSTRACTThis paper is the result of research about Tumenggung Nggrip on Community Orang Rimba in Bukit Duabelas National Park. Political leadership can be analyzed from the Tumenggung Nggrip kinship system in this community. Custom rules "Jenton Turun Jenton" justify the political leadership in community based lineage previous leader. Politically Tumenggung Nggrip is the benefit of having a father who was a former Tumenggung. Tumenggung required to have some expertise prominent than the other. Ability to lead and understanding of custom that has been passed on by parents. Tumenggung Nggrip be superior compared with other individuals. Leadership understanding then held by close relatives of the Tumenggung. Kinship system in the political leadership in politics is able to confirm the position of Tumenggung as a respected and has the power of access to economic resources, social and relationship with outsiders. Political level as community can be analyzed as a form of democracy, but in practice it tends to be influenced by the attitude of a leader in custom enforce. Social system and political organization Orang Rimba is built on the concept of family, marriage and kinship system."

"Kinship Politics as a form of control of political space by the elites makes it easier for their family members to win an election against other candidates. Kinship Politics is prone to abuse of power that benefits just a few people. The author studied this problem using philosophical reflection. Humans have a relentless desire to achieve success or felicity (as Hobbes stated) that requires humans to continue accumulating power. Power must be attained and defended, although it means forgoing the ethical foundation. For this reason, this study aimed to analyse the moral consequences of the desire for power of the political elites in the 2020 Regional-Head Election (Pilkada) through an ethical lens. This study used descriptive and literature study method, as well as a qualitative approach, and the results of the study showed that the kinship politics in the 2020 Pilkada should not be continued in the perspective of consequentialism ethic that emphasizes the goal of happiness for as many people as possible, since Kinship politics that concentrated the power in one person supported by the circle of power will benefit only a handful of people."

"Kinship politics may be a way to preserve the power of the elites through elections. With the strong support of kinship politics from the local political elite, the candidate for the South Minahasa district head, Michaela Paruntu, had a very high chance of winning the 2020 regional election in the South Minahasa District. But the reality was different. The popularity gained from the influence of the previous district head, a close relative of the candidate, and the support of the ruling party in the South Minahasa District were ineffective in generating public support for the candidate. This study analyzed the factors that caused the ineffectiveness of the kinship politics in the South Minahasa District. This phenomenon was interesting to study since previous studies on kinship politics presented empirical evidence that candidates who have a kinship with the authorities or elites have a better opportunity to win an election. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The result of the study showed that the community's perception of kinship politics in the South Minahasa District influenced people's political choices in the 2020 Regional Head Election (Pilkada)."

"The 2020 Regional Head Election continued to show the presence of Kinship Politics at the regional level, including in Jambi. The incumbents encouraged their family members to run as candidates in the election for Governor and Deputy Governor of Jambi, Regent of Batang Hari, and Mayor of Sungai Penuh. Surprisingly, Kinship politics failed to win in all three locations. This study aimed to analyze the failure of Kinship politics in the 2020 Regional Head Election in Jambi (namely Yuninta Asmara-Muhammad Mahdan in Batang Hari Regency, Cek Endra-Ratu Munawaroh in the election for the Governor of Jambi, and Fikar Azami-Yos Andrino in the election for Mayor of Sungai Penuh) through an independent observation from November 2020 to January 2021, as well as documentation of data and news related to the 2020 Regional Head Election in Jambi. The failure of the three candidate pairs was due to: first, the lack of public trust in the incumbent's family; second, the lack of campaign fund contributions; third, lack of promotions for the candidate pairs on social media; fourth, the lack of political communication between candidates, political parties, and constituents, while the alternative candidates optimally, effectively and efficiently managed the campaign team, campaign logistics, and their constituents; five, the alternative candidates' track records showed better credibility and capability; and six, better electability and acceptability of the alternative candidates. This study concluded that Jambi could be an example of minimizing the dominance of Kinship politics by using an alternative candidate who has a solid team, good online campaign management, and effective logistics management. Jambi can be a barometer of the rise of real democracy."

"This research departs from the victory of President Joko Widodo's son and son-in-law in the 2020 Regional Head Election. Approximately 44% or 55 candidates of the 124 regional head candidates who have a kinship with the authorities are confirmed to win the 2020 simultaneous Regional Head Election and stroll as regional heads. For this reason, this study will explore the phenomenon of winning candidates exposed to kinship politics, especially with the president in the 2020 Regional Head Election. This research also analyzes some of the causes of nepotism in the democratic system that are still visible in the 2020 simultaneous Regional Head Election. To achieve this goal, the research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. The method was chosen because the 2020 simultaneous Regional Head Election were multidimensional. The results of the study found several factors that led to kinship politics still coloring the 2020 Regional Head Election, including the advancement of candidates who were exposed to kinship with the president. These factors, such as the popularity of family names, are deliberately carried out by politicians as a way of inheriting power and the weak democratization of political parties, such as recruiting candidates for the regional head. This also led to candidates exposed to kinship with the president in striding to win the Regional Head Election. This research concludes that kinship should be able to lead to moral behavior, not just a pursuit of power. Concerning kinship politics, it can be controlled through internal reforms of political parties as institutions that carry out the role of candidate recruitment."