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"Makalah ini membahas tentang bagaimana perkembangan peranan seorang chounan dalam masa Jepang Kontemporer dalam sistem keluarga Jepang, yang dikenal dengan system Ie. Chounan anak laki-laki tertua pada system keluarga Jepang memang memiliki arti dan peranan yang khusus. Hak dan kewajiban mereka pun berbeda dengan anak yang lainnya. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana peranan chounan pada masa Jepang Kontemporer saat ini. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah metode deskriptif, sehingga dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan data kepustakaan mengenai masalah yang terkait serta pengumpulan data melalui internet.

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This study directs the reader to discusses how the development of the role of a chounan Contemporary Japanese during the Japanese family system, known as the system Ie. Chounan eldest boy in a Japanese family system does have a special meaning and role. Rights and obligations are different to other children. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the role of Japanese Contemporary chounan during this time. The research method used is descriptive writer, so the data collecting authors used data on issues related literature and data collection via the internet."

"Institutional and semi-institutional networks between employers and educational institutions have been noted as important mechanisms in the transition from school to work in Japan. At the university level, long-term trust relationships between universities and companies were important ties in the transition of science graduates. During the 1980s and early 1990s, institutionally embedded alumni networks also formed a distinctive transition path between high-ranked universities and large corporations for non-science graduates. However, the lost decade of economical stagnation has been accompanied by changes in the structures of the labor market and the transition process of university graduates. In recent years, the institutional and semi-institutional linkages between universities and corporations show strong tendencies toward disbandment. This paper analyzes these structural transformations in the transition from university to work in Japan. The current de institutionalization tendencies are the result of new forms of behavior among the corporate actors as well as the university graduates. These structural changes are not only a result of the economic stagnation and the falling demand for university graduates in the labor market, but also are a reflection of changes in the social values and attitudes of the younger generation of university graduates."