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"Summary:Authoritative and rigorous in its coverage and richly supported throughout by real world examples and case studies from Europeand the wider world, this book will equip the reader with a firm and applied knowledge of this important subject"

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplor bagaimana toilet dapat mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan dalam konteks wisata alam nature based tourism di Indonesia. Berbagai penelitian menyatakan pentingnya fasilitas sebagai faktor yang dipertimbangkan dalam pariwisata, namun belum banyak yang secara khusus membahas toilet sebagai bagian dari fasilitas tersebut dari perspektif wisatawan serta bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap perilaku wisatawan. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini melalui FGD dan wawancara, serta dilakukan juga observasi dalam pemilihan sampel penelitian. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari berbagai faktor, usia wisatawan dan ekspektasi terhadap destinasi wisata menjadi faktor terpenting dalam menentukan pentingnya toilet di destinasi wisata alam. Kemudian, pengalaman buruk terhadap toilet, terutama yang menyebabkan penyakit, dapat menjadi trauma yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan untuk mengunjungi ulang dan merekomendasikan suatu destinasi wisata. Secara keseluruhan, toilet memiliki peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi perilaku dan pengambilan keputusan wisatawan dalam konteks wisata alam, khususnya bagi wisatawan yang mementingkan segi kenyamanan dan kesehatan.

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This thesis aims to explore the importance of toilet in decision making from the tourists' perspectives in the context of nature-based tourism in Indonesia. Various studies suggest that facilities are important to consider in tourism development. However, prior research is still limited specifically discussing the toilet as part of the facilities that would affect the tourists' behavior in tourism, which includes the decision making section. The research was conducted qualitatively by FGD and in-depth interviews with several participants that were selected by purposive sampling method. The results of research indicate that among several factors, age of tourists and expectation of the tourism destinations are the top factors affecting the consideration of toilet as that important in nature-based tourism. The research also indicates that the existence of toilets can also affect tourist behavior in exploring or enjoying the nature-based tourism. Moreover, experiences related to toilet as a source of disease for tourist is significantly affecting the tourism decision. In conclusion, toilet has been a significant consideration for certain tourists in making decisions, especially for tourists which is highly concern with comfort and health. In addition, toilet has a significant role in decision making for several tourists in executing a tourism decision, either for a first visit, how to behave during the tour, revisit, and even to recommend a tourism destination."

"Kebijakan subsidi LPG 3 Kg yang sedang berjalan di Indonesia saat ini berbasis komoditas sehingga beresiko tinggi untuk menyasar target yang salah karena setiap orang dapat dengan bebas membelinya. Untuk mengatasi tingginya beban belanja subsidi pada ruang fiskal, pemerintah Indonesia berusaha untuk melakukan reformasi subsidi yang menghasilkan Rancangan Kebijakan Subsidi LPG 3 Kg Tepat Sasaran. Namun, isu peralihan kebijakan ini meresahkan kelompok usaha mikro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat fungsi rancangan subsidi LPG 3 Kg sebagai suatu instrumen perlindungan sosial bagi kelompok usaha mikro. Penelitian ini juga berusaha untuk menggambarkan elemen-elemen pertimbangan yang diambil oleh rancangan kebijakan subsidi LPG 3 Kg tepat sasaran dalam konteks pengambilan keputusan dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial oleh Gilbert dan Terrel. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap perencana kebijakan, perwakilan dan pelaku usaha mikro serta ahli perlindungan sosial. Studi dokumentasi dilakukan pada perundang-undangan terkait dan hasil uji coba pemanfaatan teknologi dalam penyaluran subsidi LPG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subsidi LPG 3 Kg secara umum merupakan suatu bentuk perlindungan sosial bagi kelompok miskin dan rentan pada masyarakat melalui pengurangan biaya kegiatan yang dibebankan kepada masyarakat. Selain itu, melalui perspektif kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial, sudah memilih elemen-elemen pertimbangan terbaik pada rancangan kebijakan subsidi LPG 3 Kg tepat sasaran.

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The 3 Kg LPG subsidy policy currently ongoing in Indonesia is having a form of commodity-based so there is a high risk of mistargeting as anyone can buy it freely. To overcome the high burden of subsidies spending on the fiscal space, the Indonesian government is planning to conduct subsidy reforms that resulted the Design of Targeted 3 Kg LPG Subsidy. However, the issue of the policy phased out and rationalized is raising the insecurity of the micro businesses. This study aims to see the role of the 3 Kg LPG subsidy as a social protection instrument for the micro businesses. This study also seeks to describe the elements in the dimensions of choices in social welfare policy taken by the targeted 3 Kg LPG subsidy policy design in the context of decision making using a social welfare policy analysis framework by Gilbert and Terrel. In-depth interviews were conducted with policy planners, representatives and owners of microbusinesses as well as social protection expert. The documentation study was carried out on the relevant legislation and the pilot project report of the utilization of financial technology for the distribution of LPG subsidies. The results showed that the 3 Kg LPG subsidy in general is a form of social protection for the poor and vulnerable in society through reducing the cost of activities that are supposed to be accrued by the community. In addition, as per the perspective of social welfare policies, has selected the best consideration elements in the design of targeted 3 Kg LPG subsidy."