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"The spread of COVID-19 brings holistic and tough impacts to legal institutions. As the Roman proverb goes, necessity knows no law. This public health hazard has quickly developed into a state of emergency and an exception which must be admitted when discussing legal order, due to the disease’s strikingly rapid transmission and high fatality rate. To handle the lingering state of emergency caused by the pandemic in 2020, many states have either set up or altered their legal and procedural supervision mechanisms. This paper firstly examines the theoretical origins, developments, transformations and practices of the legal infrastructures with regard to state of emergency in the US and Taiwan. Based on such background, we further analyze the emergent preventive measures for COVID-19 in the two states, testing if their emergency legal systems are able to curb the pandemic while abiding by their constitutional principles. Our research shows that compared with Taiwan’s disease control model, the US federalism equips the federal and state governments with better legal frameworks to establish emergency safety nets. Despite this, the Trump administration failed to timely invoke the constitution-assigned presidential emergency order, engendering policy swings and incoordination between the federal and state authorities. The lack of coherence in the US leadership eventually led to the failure of the country’s pandemic governance. On the other hand, our comparative study indicates that in both nations’ approaches to inhibit COVID-19, the Presidential emergency power (decree) embedded in the Constitutions is replaced by the emergency legislation. The lawmaking-dependent inclination marked by the integration of laws for managing disasters and threats to public health not only highlights the decline of presidential emergency powers granted by constitutional laws, but also brings profound challenges to judicial review which aims to ensure human rights."

"Tiongkok merupakan salah satu perekonomian terbesar di dunia pada saat ini, disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan ekonominya yang pesat dan konsisten selama tiga dekade terakhir. Sebagai emerging economic power, investasi keluar menjadi salah satu prioritas untuk terus mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunannya. Pada tahun 2007, Tiongkok mendirikan Sovereign Wealth Fund bernama China Investment Corporation (CIC) untuk mengelola dan menginvestasikan dana negaranya. Seiring waktu, CIC menjadi kendaraan investasi yang diandalkan untuk menghasilkan keuntungan. Untuk itu, CIC pun mengeksplorasi berbagai instrumen dan model berinvestasi, salah satunya dalam bentuk investasi co-investment yang dilakukan dalam kerja sama dengan pihak swasta. Namun, iklim ketegangan dan kompetisi dagang dan investasi antara Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat menuai pertanyaan dan kekhawatiran tentang motif politik dan strategis di balik strategi investasi CIC. Oleh karena itu, penulis menggunakan kerangka analisis Macro-Framework of Foreign Economic Policy untuk memahami faktor-faktor pendorong di balik investasi CIC dan kerja samanya di China-US Industrial Cooperation Fund. Pada umumnya, kerangka ini menjelaskan bahwa terdapat tiga variabel utama yang mendorong Tiongkok, melalui CIC, untuk memanfaatkan kerja sama dan kemitraan adaptif demi mencapai kepentingan tertentu. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa CIC memanfaatkan kerja sama China-US Industrial Cooperation Fund untuk mengamankan akses investasi ke pasar AS dan menghindari rezim pengawasan investasi asing di AS.

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China is one of the largest economies in the world due to its rapid and consistent economic growth over the past three decades. As an emerging economic power, outbound investments has been a priority of the government to maintain economic growth and development. In 2007, China established a Sovereign Wealth Fund named China Investment Corporation (CIC) to manage and invest its state funds. Over time, CIC has become a reliable investment vehicle to generate profit for its shareholder, the Chinese state. For this reason, CIC has also explored various investment instruments and models, one of which is in the form of co-investment carried out in collaboration with the private sector. However, the recent backdrop of a strained trade and investment relationship between China and the United States has raised concerns about the political motives and orientation behind CIC’s investment strategy. The author uses the Macro-Framework of Foreign Economic Policy analytical framework to understand the driving factors behind CIC’s investment and its cooperation in the China-US Industrial Cooperation Fund. In general, this framework hypothesizes that there are three main variables that drive China, through the CIC, to utilise this ‘adaptive partnership’ to achieve its national interest. In this study, the author finds that CIC uses China-US Industrial Cooperation Fund to secure market access for its investments in the US market while avoiding scrutiny and blockade from the foreign investments committee in the US."

"ABSTRACTUsing data for 341 enterprises listed on the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and taking R and D expenditure as an indicator of innovation investment, this paper implements multiple linear regression to test whether venture capital promotes corporate innovation input. It also considers the relationship between the syndicated investment of venture capital and innovation input. The results show that venture capital indeed promotes R and D in the invested enterprises. The innovation input of syndicated investment enterprises is significantly higher than that of sole investment enterprises. Under syndicated investment, the higher the number of syndicated investment members and the greater the heterogeneity of the shareholding ratio among the members, the higher is the innovation input. The reputation of the syndicated investment team, however, has no significant impact on innovation input."