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"Makalah ini membahas tentang salah satu peristiwa sejarah Cina yaitu Pembantaian Shanghai yang terjadi pada tahun 1927. Peristiwa sejarah ini dipenuhi dengan intrik politik dan perebutan kekuasaan pasca wafatnya Sun Yat Sen pada tahun 1925. Tubuh Guomindang terpecah menjadi dua yaitu sayap kiri yang dipimpin Wang Jingwei serta fraksi komunisnya dan sayap kanan yang dipimpin oleh Chiang Kaishek. Shanghai yang merupakan kota industri dan salah satu penggerak roda perekonomian Cina pada saat itu diyakini Chiang Kaishek sebagai jalan keluar atas kebutuhan finansial Chiang untuk mendirikan pemerintahannya di Nanjing dan menandingi pemerintahan Wang Jingwei di Wuhan. Peristiwa yang direncanakan oleh Chiang Kaishek ini terjadi dini hari tanggal 12 April, menyebabkan ribuan nyawa kaum komunis tewas dan kejadian ini menandakan berakhirnya koalisi antara Guomindang dan Gongchandang.

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This paper discusses about one of the past events in China‟s history called The Shanghai Massacre which occurred in 1927. This event is filled with politic conspiracy and power struggle between the two wings of Guomindang which split into left wing led by Wang Jingwei and his communist fraction and right wing led by Chiang Kaishek. This dissension happened right after the death of Sun Yat Sen in 1925. Shanghai, which is an industrial city and also play an important role of economic growth in China, believed by Chiang can help him build his own government in Nanjing in order to compete against Wang Jingwei‟s government in Wuhan. The massacre itself was planned by Chiang Kaishek, it occurred dawn on April 12th causing thousands of communist lives in Shanghai killed. The effect of Shanghai Massacre was destroyed the alliance between Guomindang and Gongchandang."

"Summary:Offers readers a glimpse into 1930s Singapore society through the crimes and trials encountered by the protagonist, Dennis Chiang."

"Mae Teang District is home to many tributaries of the Ping River. Each tributary is associated with different geographical characteristics and uses. This study is the first report on benthic diatom diversity in the designated water bodies and the first comparison of benthic diatom distribution in the Ping River and its tributaries, including the Mae Hao and Mae Luang Streams in Mae Taeng District of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The benthic diatom distribution and physico-chemical properties were investigated in August and November 2015 at three locations in each water body. The highest abundance of benthic diatoms was found in the Ping River (143 species), followed by Mae Hao (132 species) and Mae Luang Streams (90 species). The most abundant species found in the Ping River were Planothidium lanceolatum, Nitzschia palea, Navicula cryptotenella and Seminavis strigosa. The most abundant species found in the Mae Hao Stream were Nitzschia palea, Seminavis strigosa, Surirella splendida and Sellaphora pupula. The most abundant species found in the Mae Luang Stream were Navicula cryptotenella, Diadesmis contenta, Karayevia oblongella and Achnanthes brevipes. Additionally, Amphipleura lindheimeri Grunow was identified as a newly recorded species for Thailand. This study revealed that the Ping River and Mae Hao Stream are similar bodies of water when compared with the Mae Luang Stream in terms of benthic diatom diversity and water quality. In addition, indicator species of tolerance and sensitivity to organic pollution were found. In conclusion, the areas of utilization were found to have affected the distribution of benthic diatoms in these water bodies, along with the water quality of the Ping River and its tributaries."

"Summary: Ben shu jie shao song mei ling yi sheng de zhu yao huo dong, ping shu ta zai jin xian shi shang de li shi zuo yong, fan ying zhong guo jin xian dai shi de te zheng."