Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Induksi protocorm like-bodies (PLBs) pada berbagai eksplan anggrek,khususnya Phalaenopsis, telah banyak dilakukan. Namun, informasimengenai sel atau jaringan pembentuk PLBs tersebut masih sedikit diketahui.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui sel atau jaringan eksplan daunPhalaenopsis yang berpotensi membentuk PLBs dengan cara pengamatananatomi. Pengamatan anatomi dilakukan dengan pembuatan preparatmenggunakan metode parafin dan pewarnaan safranin-fastgreen. Bahanpembuatan preparat terdiri dari potongan daun in vivo (DD), potongan daunhasil kultur in vitro nodus tangkai bunga (M0) dan daun hasil kultur in vitroyang berumur 5 minggu (M5), 7 minggu (M7) dan 9 minggu (M9) setelah haritanam serta protocorm hasil kultur in vitro biji Phalaenopsis (P). Pengamatananatomi pada daun hasil kultur in vitro M7 menunjukkan sel subepidermisberpotensi membentuk PLBs. Pada daun hasil kultur in vitro M9menunjukkan sel subepidermis dan sel epidermis berpotensi membentukPLBs, selain itu juga sel-sel mesofil menunjukkan ciri-ciri meristematikwalaupun belum mengalami pembelahan. Pengamatan morfologi dananatomi menunjukkan PLBs cenderung lebih banyak terbentuk di bagianadaksial (atas) daun. Sel-sel protocorm hasil kultur in vitro biji yang memilikiciri-ciri meristematik tinggi adalah sel epidermis. Protocorm, hasil kultur invitro biji, pada pertumbuhan selanjutnya dapat langsung membentuk tunasatau membentuk PLBs. Begitu pula dengan PLBs yang terbentuk padapotongan daun, dapat langsung membentuk tunas atau membentuk PLBsbaru."

"Phalaenopsis celebensis is a rare and endemic species of Sulawesi. In this experiment flower stalk culture was chosen as a method to propagate the species, since generative propagation has not been given satisfied results. Othe advantage is that this method does not need to risk the live of the rare and preciuous cllection. Phalaenopsis celebensis was survived in MS medium supplemented with 5 ppm BA (Benzyladenine). Nodal cuttings of P. celebensis flower stalk under 20-25 C exhibit three growth pattern, either developed into shoots, flower stalk or remain dormant."

"Penelitian mengenai studi anatomi daun dan akar pada lima spesies Phalaenopsis telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan anatomi daun dan akar untuk melengkapi karakter diagnostik dan melihat dugaan potensi adaptasi terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Spesies yang digunakan adalah P. amabilis, P. cornu-cervi, P. fimbriata, P. bellina dan P. tetraspis, lalu dianalisis struktur kontur kutikula, bentuk sel epidermis, bentuk sel mesofil, bentuk sel tetangga, bentuk sel velamen, bentuk eksodermis, dan bentuk endodermis sebagai data kualitatif. Ketebalan daun, ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan epidermis, ketebalan mesofil, luas jaringan pembuluh primer, luas floem, luas xylem, luas akar, ketebalan velamen, ketebalan korteks, ketebalan eksodermis, ketebalan endodermis, luas jaringan pembuluh primer, luas xilem dan luas floem dianalisis sebagai data kuantitatif. Daun dan akar disayat menggunakan hand-sliding microtome untuk pengamatan sayatan melintang, kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Daun dikerik untuk mendapatkan pengamatan sayatan paradermal. Hasil pengamatan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif kelima spesies Phalaenopsis memiliki karakter pembeda pada persebaran stomata, tipe stomata, kontur kutikula, tipe velamen, dan luas stele. Daun Phalaenopsis memiliki variasi bentuk stomata berdasarkan tipe sel tetangga, yaitu tipe tetrasitik, parasitik dan anisositik. daun P. amabilis memiliki stomata amphistomatatik. Daun P. tetraspis memiliki kontur kutikula adaksial dan abaksial berbentuk ridge. Akar P. cornu-cervi memiliki velamen uniseriatus, dan luas stele P. fimbriata memiliki rerata 0,3 mm2. Hasil penelitian telah dilakukan untuk melengkapi data terhadap karakter anatomi daun dan akar.

---

The study aimed to determine the anatomical character of Phalaenopsis to complement the diagnostic character and the alleged potential for adaptation has been carried out. The objective was to describe leaf and root anatomy structure and compare those structures between species. P. amabilis, P. cornu-cervi, P. fimbriata, P. bellina and P. tetraspis was used in the research. Leaf and root anatomical differences was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative approach. Qualitative data includes the presence cuticle, epidermal cell, mesophyll shape, velamen shape, exoderm shape, and endoderm shape. Quantitative data includes cuticle thickness, epidermal thickness, mesophyll thickness large area of phloem, large area of xylem, velamen thickness, exoderm thickness, endoderm thickness area of stele, area of phloem, and area of xylem. Leaf and root dissected by handsliding microtome, then observed under light microscope for crosssection observation. Leaf scraped for paradermal observation. Result shows differ character in cuticle, stomatal distribution, stomata type and area of stele. The qualitative and quantitative characters of the five species of Phalaenopsis have distinguishing characteristics in stomata distribution, stomata type, cuticle contour, velamen type, and stele area. Phalaenopsis leaves have a variety of stomata forms based on neighboring cell types, which are tetracytic, parasitic and anisocytic types. P. amabilis leaves have amphistomatatic stomata. P. tetraspis leaves have a ridge-shaped adaxial and abaxial contour. The root of P. cornu-cervi has uniseriatus velamen, and the extent of P. fimbriata stele has an average of 0.3 mm2. The results of the research have been carried out to complete the data on the anatomical character of leaves and roots."

"Amorphophallus muelleri blume (aracceae) is one of 27 amorphophallus species occur wild in Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Flores and Timor). The species is valued for its glucoman content for use in food industry (health diet food), paper industry, pharmacy and cosmetics. The cultivation of A. mueller is hampered by limited genetic quality of seed. The species is triploid (2n=3x=39), the seed is developed apomictically, and pollen production is low. The species is only propagated vegetatively. This may explain that the species is difficult to bread conventionally and genetic variability in the existing landraces cultivars is rather limited. Induced mutation using ethyl methan sulfonate is one of techniques to increase genetic variation. The present research is aimed to determine lethal dosage (LD) 50% and 75% of EMS and to study effect of EMS on growth of A muelleri in vitro cultures for use in induced mutation program. Result of the experiment showed that LD-50 and LD-75 was observed at 0.875% EMS and 0.5% in induced mutation program. Result of the experiment showed that LD-50 and LD-75 was observed at 0.875 % EMS and 0.5% in induced mutation program. Result of the experiment showed that LD-50 and LD-75 was observed at 0.875 % EMS 0.5% EMS, respectively, number shoot, and percentage of rooting culture were decreasing as EMS level concentration increase. "

"Dendrobium lasianthera J.J.Sm merupakan anggrek endemik Papua yang terancam punah sehingga perlu dilakukan perbanyakan melalui teknik kultur in vitro. Pencokelatan eksplan harus diatasi sebelum melangkah ke perbanyakan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment terhadap pencokelatan eksplan. Eksplan daun berukuran ± 8 mm x 5 mm diperoleh dari bibit botolan dan sebanyak 15 eksplan ditanam dalam 1 botol kultur berisi medium ½MS (Murashige dan Skoog 1962) modifikasi + 1 mgl-1 NAA + 0,1 mgl-1 BAP. Beberapa pretreatment yang diujikan ialah eksplan langsung ditanam setelah dipotong (L) (kontrol), eksplan dipotong di dalam air (DA), dan eksplan direndam selama 10 menit di dalam air setelah dipotong (DR). Pencokelatan eksplan cenderung lebih sedikit terjadi pada pretreatment L (1,23 ± 1,56), diikuti pada DA (2,56 ± 1,90), dan DR (4,20 ± 2,04). Namun, eksplan hijau cenderung lebih banyak pada DA (8,60 ± 1,58) dibandingkan pada L (8,00 ± 1,73) dan DR (4,20 ± 2,39). Pemutihan eksplan juga terjadi pada masing-masing pretreatment.

---

Dendrobium lasianthera J.J.Sm is an endangered orchid native from Papua. Therefore, the in vitro propagation is necessary to do the conservation of it. Browning is a problem that must be solved before doing the in vitro propagation. This study was carried out to observe the effect of pretreatment on explants browning. Leaf explants (8 mm x 5 mm) were excised from sterile seedling, and 15 explants cultured on ½ MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) modified medium + 1 mgl-1 NAA + 0,1 mgl-1 BAP.

Pretreatments that examined are, explants are directly planted after excising (L) (control), explants were excised in the water (DA), and explants were soaked for 10 minutes in the water after excising (DR). Pretreatment L could reduce explants browning (1,23 ± 1,56), than DA (2,56 ± 1,90), and DR (4,20 ± 2,04). However, the highest green explants was showed in DA (8,60 ± 1,58) than in L (8,00 ± 1,73) and DR (4,20 ± 2,39). In addition, explants bleaching occured in each pretreatment."

"Kultur in vitro dapat menjadi solusi alternatif untuk memperbanyak Acrolejeunea fertilis. Studi kultur in vitro gametofit lumut daun sering mengalami kendala dalam proses sterilisasi. Hal ini disebabkan tingginya kontaminasi dan struktur gametofit lumut yang mudah rusak setelah terpapar disinfektan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan metode sterilisasi mana yang lebih baik dalam menekan kontaminasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua metode sterilisasi. Metode sterilisasi 1 terdiri dari kontrol dan 6 kombinasi perlakuan, yaitu konsentrasi Bayclin (1,00%, 1,25%, dan 1,50%) dan waktu pemaparan (60 detik dan 120 detik), disertai dengan penambahan Tetrasiklin 2,5 mg / 2,5 mg. ml. Metode sterilisasi 2 terdiri dari kontrol dan 2 perlakuan yaitu waktu pemaparan Bayclin sebesar 1,25% (60 detik dan 120 detik), disertai dengan penambahan alkohol 35%, Dithane 1%, dan Tetrasiklin 2,5 mg / ml. Setiap kelompok pada kedua metode sterilisasi terdiri dari 10 botol sampel yang masing-masing berisi 3 eksplan. Parameter kualitatif yang diamati adalah lokasi dan jenis kontaminasi, warna, dan pertumbuhan eksplan. Parameter kuantitatif meliputi persentase pencemaran, persentase jenis dan lokasi pencemaran, serta jumlah cabang yang tumbuh pada eksplan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sterilisasi metode 1 memiliki tingkat pencemaran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sterilisasi metode 2 pada hari ke-7 setelah tanam (H7). Jenis pencemaran internal yang paling banyak ditemukan pada metode sterilisasi 1 adalah jamur, sedangkan metode sterilisasi 2 adalah bakteri. Penggunaan Bayclin dengan kisaran konsentrasi 1,00% - 1,50% pada metode sterilisasi 1 menyebabkan eksplan cenderung menguning. Warna eksplan cenderung coklat dengan penambahan alkohol 35% dengan waktu pajanan 30 detik pada metode sterilisasi 2. Pertumbuhan cabang pada beberapa eksplan pada kelompok perlakuan metode sterilisasi 1 sudah terjadi sejak H7, meskipun terjadi terkontaminasi dan mengalami pencoklatan. Sedangkan metode sterilisasi 2 belum menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan cabang hingga H7 sehingga viabilitas eksplan diragukan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode sterilisasi 2 lebih baik dalam menekan kontaminasi dibandingkan dengan metode sterilisasi 1. Namun demikian, viabilitas eksplan masih diragukan sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

---

In vitro culture can be an alternative solution to multiply Acrolejeunea fertilis. In vitro culture studies of moss gametophyte often experience problems in the sterilization process. This is due to the high contamination and the structure of the moss gametophyte which is easily damaged after being exposed to disinfectants. The aim of this study was to determine which sterilization method is better at suppressing contamination. This research was conducted using two sterilization methods. Sterilization method 1 consists of control and 6 treatment combinations, namely Bayclin concentration (1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50%) and exposure time (60 seconds and 120 seconds), accompanied by the addition of 2.5 mg Tetracycline / 2.5 mg. ml. Sterilization method 2 consisted of control and 2 treatments, namely the exposure time of 1.25% Bayclin (60 seconds and 120 seconds), accompanied by the addition of 35% alcohol, 1% Dithane, and 2.5 mg / ml of Tetracycline. Each group in both sterilization methods consisted of 10 sample bottles containing 3 explants each. The qualitative parameters observed were the location and type of contamination, color, and growth of the explants. The quantitative parameters include the percentage of pollution, the percentage of the type and location of pollution, and the number of branches that grow on the explants. The results showed that sterilization method 1 had a higher contamination level than sterilization method 2 on the 7th day after planting (H7). The type of internal contamination that was mostly found in sterilization method 1 was fungi, while sterilization method 2 was bacteria. The use of Bayclin with a concentration range of 1.00% - 1.50% in sterilization method 1 causes the explants to tend to turn yellow. The color of the explants tended to be brown with the addition of 35% alcohol with an exposure time of 30 seconds in the sterilization method 2. Branch growth on several explants in the sterilization method 1 treatment group had occurred since H7, although it was contaminated and experienced browning. Meanwhile, sterilization method 2 has not shown any branch growth up to H7 so that the viability of the explants is doubtful. So it can be concluded that sterilization method 2 is better at suppressing contamination than sterilization method 1. However, the viability of the explants is still in doubt so that further research is needed."