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"Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap kestabilanvitamin B12 dalam sediaan ohat suntik campuran vitamin Bi,vitamin B6 dan vitamin B12 yang disimpan pada temperaturkamar dan pada kondisi penyimpanan yang dipercepat pada0 0temperatur •di atas temperatur kamar yaitu 60 C, 70 C dan080C.Sediaari obat suntik mi dibuat dalam 4 macam formulay a i tu- Formula vitamin B12 tunggal- Formula vitamin B12 dengan vitamin B6-- Formula vitamin B12 derigan vitamin Bi- Formula vitamin B12, vitamin B6 dan vitamin BiUntuk setiap formula, konsentrasi vitamin B12 0,333 mg/ml,vitamin B6 33,33 mg/ml dan vitamin Bi 33,33 mg/mi. Bahanpembantu yang digunakan untuk setiap formula juga samayaitu Kiorbutanol 0,5 % b/v, t'Ia2EDTA 0,01 % h/v.Propilenglikol 5 % v/v, Dietanol amin / asarn asetatsecukupnya sampai PH 3,8 serta dialiri gas inert N2.Sediaan mi diperiksa terhadap stabilitas kadarvitamin B12 nya dengari menggunakan metoda spektrofotometrjderivatjf. Ternyata vitamin Bi menurunkan stabilitasvitamin B12 dan adanya vitamin B6 mempertinggi pengarubburuk vitamin Bi terhadap stabilitas vitamin B12."

"Sediaan sirup multivitamin banyak beredar di pasaran dewasa mi; dan digunakan untuk inengobati penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan vitamin,, mencegah defisiensi vitamin dan untuk merangsang perturnbuhan.Komponen-komponen yang umumnya terdapat dalam sirup multivitamin adalab : vitamin Bi, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, nikotinarnid, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, Vitamin D, Ca-panthotenat dan asarn amino. Sulit untuk nienetapkan ka dar beberapa koinponen tersebut serempaR tanpa melakukan pemisahan terlebih dahulu. Metoda krointografi cair kinerja tinggi digunakan untuk rnemisahkan komponen-kornponen yang terdapat dalam sirup multivitarnin.Tujuan penelitian mi adalah untuk memperoleh kondisi analisa yang optimum untuk penetapan kadar vitamin Bi, vitamin 32, vitamin 36 dan nikbtinamid secara serepac, yang terdapat dalam sirup multivitamin.6 sampel sirup multivitamin (A,B,C) Droduk PMDN dan (D',.E,.F) produk PMA, telah ditetapkan kadar vitamin Bi, vi tamin B2, vitamin B6 dan nikotinamid-nya; dengan kondisi analisa : fasa gerak campuran metanol-air yang mengandung 5 mN Na-oktansulfonat, 1,36% YB2PO4: pH 3,5 ( 3:7 ); kecepatan aliran. 0,5 ml per menit; dan deteksi UV (270 nm.).Dari 6 sampel tersebut, kadar vitamin B2 cderung rendah ( 20,41-47,44% ) cian pada tiga sampel (L, .E F) ka dar nikotinamid juga cenderung rendab ( 86,29-88,30% ).

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There are a lot of multivitamin syrup preparations On the market to day, they are used in therapy of avitaminosis diseases, preventing vitamin deficiency and stimulatinggrowth.

The common componentst of multivitamin syrup are vitamin Bi, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacinamide, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, Ca-panthotenate and amino acid. The simultaneous determination of--the components without preceeding separation are complicated. The method of high performance liquid chromatography is used to separa te the components of multivitamin syrup.

The purpose of this study is to find an optimal condition, for simultaneous determination of vitamin Bi, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and niacinamide in multivitamin syrup.

6 sample of multivitamin syrups .( A,B,C from PJ4DN 1 s ma nufacture and D,L,F from PMA's manufacture); vitamin Bl, vi tamin B2, vitamin B6 and nia,cinamide concentration have been- determinated. The conditions mobile phase are 30% inetha nol-70% 5:mN sodium octanesulfonate in 1,36% KH 2PO4 pE 3,5; flow rate 0,5 ml per minute and detection by UV at 270 rim.

Concentration of vitamin Bi in all sample are low (20,41-47,44%) and concentration of niacinamide in three sample (L',E & F) are low as well (86,29-88,90%)."

"Latar Belakang : Peningkatan kadar homosistein merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya aterosklerosis dan trombogenesis. Baik faktor genetik maupun lingkungan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kadar plasma homosistein. Pada penelitian ini, kami meneliti gambaran dari homosistein pada populasi PJK di Jakarta dan Malang serta hubungannya dengan enzim MTHFR, Vit. B6, Vil. B12, dan asam folat.Metode dan Hasil : Penelitian deskriptif ini melibatkan 30 pasien PJK di Jakarta dan 12 pasien di Malang. Subyek yang direkrut di Malang lebih muda, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan dalam jenis kelamin, 1MT, diabetes, dan merokok. Tidak ada perbedaan pada profil lipid diantara dua populasi. Subyek di Malang mempunyai kadar homosistein lebih tinggi (median 18 mmol/dL vs 9,1 mmol/dL; p < 0,001), kadar MTHFR yang lebih rendah (median 0,105 IU vs 0,157 IU; p = 0,019) kadar asam folat yang lebih rendah (median 7,1 vs 11,2 ng/mL; p = 0,005), kadar vit. B12 yang lebih rendah (median 273 ng/mL vs 429,5 ng/mL; p = 0,032). Tidak ada perbedaan pada kadar vit B6. Analisis dari hubungan menunjukkan hubungan yang terbalik antara homosistein dan pit. B12 (r = - 0,43, p = 0,004) dan asam folat (r = -0,39,p = 0,01).Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan kadar homosistein, MTHFR, asam folat, dan vitamin B12 pada populasi PJK (Jakarta dan Malang). Terdapat hubungan yang terbalik antara homosistein dan vit. B12 serta asam folat.

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Background : Increased homocysleine level is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and thrombogenesis_ Both genetic and environmental factors influence plasma level of homocysteine. In this study, we examine the distribution of homocysteine in population of CAD in Malang and Jakarta and the association between homocysteine, enzyme MTHFR, Vit. B6, Vii. B12, and folic acid.Methods and Results : This is a descriptive study including 30 CAD patients in Jakarta and 12 in Malang. Subjects recruited in Malang is younger, but no difference in gender, BMI, smoking and diabetes. No difference in lipid profile between both populations. Subjects in Malang have higher level of homocysteine (median 18 mmol/dL vs 9.1 mmol/dL; p <0.001), lower level of MTHFR (median 0.105 IU vs 0.157 IU; p = 0.019), lower level of Folic acid (median 7.1 vs 11.2 ng/mL; p = 0.005), lower level of Vit. B12 (median 273 ng/mL vs 429.5 ng/mL; p = 0.032). There is no difference in level of Vit. B6. Analysis of association showed inverse relationship between homocysteine and vit B12(r - -0.43, p = 0.004) and folic acid (r = -0.39,p =0.01).Conclusion : There is difference in level of homocysteine, MTHFR, folic acid and vii. B12 between populations coronary artery disease ( Jakarta and Malang). There is inverse relationship between homocysteine and vit B12 and folic acid."

"Telah dilakukan studi perbandingan terhadap tiga cara analisa vitamin C, yakni titrasi dengan 2,6-dikiorofenolindofenol, titrasi dengan N-bromosuksinimida dan spektrofotometri dengan menggunakan ferrosen. Titrasi dengan N-bromosuksinimida lebih luas penggunaannya dibandingkan dengan 2,6-dikiorofenolindofenol, terutama bila contoh mengandung ion Fe tinggi. Untuk cara spektrofotometri diperlukan kemurnian dari kristal ferrisiniurn trikioroasetat agar diperoleh persesualan hasil yang balk. Hasil analisa terhadap berbagai merek sari buah jeruk dalam pasaran di Bandung, menunjukkan bahwa kadar vitamin C amat bervariasi yaltu dari 4,4 sampai dengan 44,1 mg/100 ml."

"Riboflavin synthase merupakan enzim yang mengkatalisis pembentukan riboflavin dengan mengkonversi dua molekul 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine secara dismutasi. Interaksi riboflavin synthase Eremothecium gossypii dipelajari dengan pendekatan secara komputasional, untuk melihat keterlibatan residu asam amino sisi aktif enzim yang berperan dalam proses produksi riboflavin. Struktur riboflavin synthase Saccharomyces pombe dengan kode PDB 1KZL digunakan sebagai template untuk memodelkan riboflafin synthase Eremothecium gossypii. Stabilitas termal enzim diperoleh dengan melakukan simulasi dinamika molekul pada 300K, 315K, 325K, 350K dan 400K. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan riboflavin terjadi pada sisi aktif N-terminal dan residu asam amino yang berinteraksi meliputi Thr56, Gly68, Ala70, Val109, dan His108. Residu His108 pada N-terminal domain merupakan subunit enzim yang berperan sebagai tahap awal reaksi katalisis biosintesis riboflavin. Hasil simulasi dinamika molekul memperlihatkan kestabilan enzim pada 300K sampai 315K yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai RMSD (root mean square deviation) yang tidak jauh berbeda. Pada 325K dan 350 nilai RMSD makin tinggi menunjukkan ketidakstabilan enzim. Hasil RMSF (root mean square fluctuation) menunjukkan bahwa pada 315K terjadi fleksibilitas tertinggi, dengan memperlihatkan bahwa residu Ala13, Asp19, Ser21, Arg98, Gly162, dan Ala175 merupakan residu yang labil. Prediksi mutasi menyarankan beberapa substitusi residu meliputi Ala13Leu, Asp19Met, Ser21Leu, Arg98Ala, dan Ala175Glu yang mengarah pada peningkatan stabilitas enzim.

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Riboflavin synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of riboflavin by converting two molecules of 6, 7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine through dismutation reaction. To study the interaction of riboflavin synthase Eremothecium gossypii, we performed a computational approach, to find out the involvement of amino acid residues in the active site of enzymes that play a role in the production of riboflavin. In this research, the structure of riboflavin synthase Saccharomyces pombe with PDB code 1KZL was used as a template.

To determine the thermal stability of the enzyme, we performed molecular dynamics simulation approach at 300K, 315K, 325K, 350K and 400K, respectively. The results showed that the formation of riboflavin occurred in the active site of N-terminal and the amino acid residues that interact include Thr56, Gly68, Ala70, Val109, and His108. His108 is residue a subunit of an enzyme that acts as an early stage of riboflavin formation on the active site of N-terminal.

The results of molecular dynamics simulations showed that stability of the enzyme at 300K to 315K which were indicated by RMSD values ​​were not much different. At 325K and 350K, the RMSD values were higher, it showed instability of the enzyme. The results of RMSF were showed that at 315K occurred highest flexibility, by showing that residues of Ala13, Asp19, Ser21, Arg98, Gly162, and Ala175 were labile residues. Prediction of mutation were suggest some replacement of residues included Ala13Leu, Asp19Met, Ser21Leu, Arg98Ala, and Ala175Glu that lead to increase the stability of the enzyme."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat terhadap kadar homosistein plasma pada lansia dalam rangka mengurangi risiko terjadinya aterosklerosis.Tempat : Panti werdha Santa Anna - Jakarta.Bahan dan cara : penelitian eksperimental pra dan pasca suplementasi vitamin B6 (10 mg), B12 (400 µg) dan asam folat (1 mg) yang diberikan per oral, sekali sehari selama 6 minggu, terhadap 10 subyek lansia (60 tahun) yang telah memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data non nutrisi, data nutrisi, data antropametri, status vitamin B6, kadar vitamin B12 serum dan asam folat serum dan kadar homosistein plasma.Hasil : Pada pra suplementasi, diketahui prevalensi subyek dengan hiperhomosisteinemia tipe ringan sebesar 70%. Prevalensi defisiensi vitamin B6 (KA ASATE>I,40), 812 (<258 pmol/L) dan asam folat (<15 nmo/L) adalah 30%,30% dan 90%. Prevalensi defisiensi vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat pada subyek dengan hiperhomosisteinemia adalah 14%, 43% dan 85%. Pada pasca suplementasi didapatkan perbaikan pada seluruh hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium secara bermakna (p<0,05) yaitu penurunan KA ASATE 11,68%, kenaikan kadar vitamin B12 serum 111,75%, kenaikan kadar asam folat serum 139,05% dan penurunan kadar homosistein plasma 36,68%.Kesimpulan : Suplementasi vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat terbukti secara efektif dan elision dapat memperbaiki status vitamin dan menurunkan kadar homosistein plasma secara bermakna pada seluruh subyek penelitian.

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Objective : To identify the effect of vitamin B6, B12 and folate supplementation to plasma homocysteine concentration of elderly people in respect of minimizing atherosclerosis risks.Place :Panri werdha Santa Anna - Jakarta.Materials and Methods :Experimental study of pre and post oral supplementation of vitamin B6 (10 mg), B12 (400 }1g) and folate (1 mg), once a day for 6 weeks continuously applied to 10 elderly subjects NO years) passing through pre-defined inclusion criteria. Relevant information and data was collected through questionnaire, field observation and laboratory measurement which comprise of ages, sex, education, anthropometrics, dietary intake, food frequency amount, food habits, vitamin B6, B12 and folate status and finally plasma homocysteine concentration.Results :During pre-supplementation, 70% of subjects was classified as moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. Cut off points to define deficiency vitamin status are erytrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (EAST-AC) >1,40 for vitamin B6 , serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were <258 pmol/L and <15 nmol/L respectively. The overall prevalence of deficiencies vitamin B6, B12 and folate status were 30%, 30% and 90% respectively. The prevalence of deficiencies vitamin B6, B12 and folate status in hyperhomocysteinemia subjects were 14%, 43% and 85% respectively. During post supplementation, no more vitamins deficiencies subjects was detected. Post supplementation laboratory measurement indicate the following significant improvement (p<0,05) on EAST-AC reduction 11,68%, serum vitamin B12 concentration improvement to 111,75%, serum folate concentration improvement to 139,05% and reduction of plasma homocysteine concentration of 36,68%.Conclusion :Supplementation of vitamin B6, B12 and folate are effectively and significantly improve both vitamin status and plasma homocysteine concentration level of all subjects."

"Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh kadar vitamin D dan kalsium terhadap panjang dan berat lahir bayi. Jenis penelitian cross sectional melibatkan 144 ibu hamil trimester 3 dan bayi yang dilahirkan. Pemeriksaan vitamin D menggunakan biomarker 25(OH)D dan kalsium menggunakan kalsium total dari serum darah tali pusat. Pengukuran panjang dan berat lahir dilakukan terstandar segera setelah lahir dengan alat merk Seca tipe 231/231. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi, t test, ANOVA dan analisis regresi linier ganda untuk melihat pengaruh status vitamin D dan kalsium terhadap panjang dan berat lahir dengan memperhatikan variabel pengganggu (umur, paritas, tinggi badan ibu dan ayah, kesesuaian penambahan berat badan ibu selama hamil sesuai IMT pra hamil, status anemia, aktifitas fisik, kecukupan gizi ibu dan merokok).Hasil yang diperoleh: rata-rata panjang dan berat lahir adalah normal 48.7 cm dan 3090.4 gram, panjang lahir pendek 31.2 % dan BBLR 8.3%. Rata-rata kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 27.6 ng/dL, status vitamin D kurang mencapai 62,5%. Rata-rata kadar kalsium 10 ng/mL dan hipokalsemia 24.3%. Kadar vitamin D dan kalsium berpengaruh bermakna terhadap panjang lahir setelah dikontrol tinggi badan ibu, kadar haemoglobin dan kecukupan asupan energi ibu. Setiap peningkatan 10 ng/dL kadar vitamin D akan menambah panjang lahir sebesar 0,4 cm dan setiap kenaikan 10 ng/mL kadar kalsium akan menambah 2,22 cm. Kadar vitamin D dan kalsium berpengaruh bermakna terhadap berat lahir setelah dikontrol tinggi badan ibu, kadar haemoglobin, kecukupan asupan energi ibu dan kesesuaian penambahan berat badan ibu selama hamil. Setiap peningkatan 10 ng/dL kadar vitamin D akan menambah 100,9 gram berat lahir dan setiap peningkatan 10 ng/mL kadar kalsium akan menambah 448 gram berat lahir bayi. Hasil penelitian menyarankan ibu hamil perlu meningkatkan asupan vitamin D dan kalsium termasuk zat gizi lain sesuai standar kecukupan gizi ibu hamil dan mendorong agar kulit mendapatkan paparan sinar matahari.

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This study discusses the effect of vitamin D and calcium levels on the length and birth

weight of babies. This type of cross sectional study involved 144 third trimester pregnant women and babies born. Vitamin D examination using biomarkers of 25(OH)D and calcium using total calcium from cord blood serum. Measurements of length and birth weight are standardized immediately after birth with the Seca brand type 231/231. Analysis using correlation test, t test, ANOVA and linear regression analysis to see the effect of vitamin D and calcium status on length and birth weight by considering confounding variables (age, parity, maternal and paternal height, suitability of maternal weight gain during pregnancy according to BMI pre pregnancy, anemia status, physical activity, nutritional adequacy of mother and family smoking).

Results obtained: the average length and birth weight were normal 48.7 cm and 3090.4 grams, short birth length 31.2% and LBW 8.3%. The average serum level of 25(OH)D is 27.6 ng/dL, vitamin D status is less than 62.5%. The average calcium content is 10 ng /mL and 24.3% hypocalcemia. Vitamin D and calcium levels had a significant effect on birth length after control of maternal height, hemoglobin level and adequacy of maternal energy intake. Every 10 ng/dL increase in vitamin D levels will increase the birth length by 0.4 cm and every 10 ng/mL increase in calcium levels will add 2.22 cm. Vitamin D and calcium levels had a significant effect on birth weight after control of maternal height, hemoglobin level, adequacy of maternal energy intake and suitability of maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Every 10 ng/dL increase in vitamin D levels will add 100.9 grams of birth weight and each 10 ng/mL increase in calcium levels will add 448 grams of baby's birth weight. The results suggest that pregnant women need to increase their intake of vitamin D and calcium, including other nutrients according to the nutritional adequacy standards of pregnant women and encourage the skin to get sun exposure."